tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-51405380811582335742024-03-12T22:05:51.622-07:00The TruthOne World! One God! One Race! The Human Race!
Standing together to make a better world for All Mankind!........
One World! (made up of many different countries)....
One God! (made up of many different religions)....
One Race! (made up of many different nationality's)....
The Human Race! (every human being on this planet)...
Standing together (as One) to make a better world!....
For All Mankind! (and every thing else on this planet)....
WHAT PART OF THIS DON'T YOU UNDERSTAND???
R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-70118815852376814392020-11-18T05:16:00.004-08:002020-11-18T05:25:59.287-08:00THE TRUTH!<p> <strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Who owns the Natural Resources of this planet?</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ALL</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">! the people that live on this planet. (or that is who should own them) RIGHT?</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ALL of Mankind owns this planet's resources!!!</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> (or we should! If we are all born equal!)</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">This is OUR planet, OUR Resources!</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">NOT JUST THE RICH/ELITE!!!!</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Then why the fuck are there children in this world going to bed hungry tonight?</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">The Rich/Elite have full bellies tonight!</span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> (and so do their children)</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">All of their wealth made from one or another of </span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">OUR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> natural resources!</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Look around you! everything you see has been made from one of our resources! </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">OUR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">, EVERY HUMAN BEING ON THIS PLANET! </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">EVERYMAN WOMEN AND CHILD! </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b>THEY ARE OUR RESOURCES!!</b></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Everything on this planet is made from one of OUR resources from the sweat and labor (and sometimes death) of </span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">OUR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> Ancestors to farm </span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">OUR</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> natural resources to make them (the rich/elite) millions if not billions of $$$s</span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">!</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">WHO MANUFACTURED YOUR TOILET PAPER?</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">WHO BUILT YOUR COMPUTER? </strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">WHO BUILT YOUR CAR,?</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">YOUR SNEAKERS?</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">WHERE DID THEY GET THE MATERIAL FROM TO MANUFACTURE ALL THIS STUFF???</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">OUR </strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">NATURAL RESOURCES!!!</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">There shouldn't be another dime go through the stock market until everyone on this planet is homed, clothed, and have full bellies when they go to bed at night!!</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">How many Cars?</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">How many mansions? </strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">How many pairs of shoes do they need?</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">When do the Rich/Elite have enough money? </strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">How much money does it take to make the Rich/Elite Happy???</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">The Poor know when they don't have enough money, they see their children going to bed at night with hunger pains and going to school in rages. </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">The answer is staring you in the face!</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">They are our Resources! </strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">The people of this planet own them, wherever they are on the planet!</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">We all own them!!!</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">All of mankind!!!</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">You tell me why a carpenter or a farmer will only take enough from OUR resources to feed and give his family a good living. And yet, someone that has money, (that was mostly passed down to them from their ancestors, (that made their money off of our fellow man up to and including cheap wages and or slavery) will rape all the land or destroy the environment just to make more millions.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">I don't care what the resource is!</span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> Oil, Gas</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">,</span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> Our Oceans</strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">, </span><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">OUR FOREST! </strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">ANY AND ALL WORLD RESOURCES! </strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">BELONG TO US! </strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">THE PEOPLE OF THIS PLANET!!</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b>There's shouldn't be one man woman or child going to bed hungry! </b></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b>NOT ONE!</b></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Even someone like Joe Rogan, Doesn't need 100 million $$'s (and don't get me wrong!) Joe Rogan deserves every dime of it! He has brought more truth to the world than anyone I know!! </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">But the bottom line is He doesn't need 100 million! He made it off our most precious resource US! his fans, the people of this planet, Joe Rogan Is worldwide! and as with Noam Chomsky, I would love to meet Joe one day! But the fact remains he doesn't need 100 million to be happy!</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">AND THAT'S THE TRUTH!!!</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">I would gladly give up 1/4 of my income so that no more people on this planet, (man, woman, or child) went to bed hungry! </strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">A living wage! </strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Food! Clothing! and Housing!</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">For everyone on the planet!</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><strong style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Would You?</strong></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">One World, One God! One Race!</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">The human Race!</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Standing together to make a better world.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">For all mankind!</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Love Always</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">&</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Forever Peace</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Ray</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">I Believe in God! I just spell it with two O's is all"</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">My God is alive and well, and I try to follow his word every day!</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">IS YOURS?? </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">DO YOU?</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">---------------------------------------------</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Most people are just talkers. It's the doers that change this world. So which one are you? Do you just talk about it? Or do you stand up and do something about it? Because believe me, All the rest is just plain and simple bullshit." - Rocco </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">---------------------------------------------</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">All truth passes through three stages.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">First, it is ridiculed.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Second, it is violently opposed.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Third, it is accepted as being self-evident.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">-Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) </span><em style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Philosopher of Pessimism</em><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">---------------------------------------------</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">The Only Thing Necessary For The Triumph Of Evil.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Is For Good Men To Do Nothing.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">-Edmund Burke (1729-1797) Irish Philosopher</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">---------------------------------------------</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Life's tough......It's even tougher if you're stupid.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">-John Wayne</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">---------------------------------------------</span></p>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-1486914134810213322010-10-29T14:03:00.001-07:002016-07-12T06:18:54.090-07:00The Rape of Nanking, May the World Never Forget! In memory and in honor of Iris Chang. 1968 - 2004 (RIP) <span style="font-size: large;"><b>You will truly be missed by all!!!</b></span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMsswesFR1I/AAAAAAAAALI/DKiq5tK-gd0/s1600/IrisChang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMsswesFR1I/AAAAAAAAALI/DKiq5tK-gd0/s320/IrisChang.jpg" width="216" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Fact; The people that write the history books, Won the Wars!</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Well other than </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">!</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <br /><br />They have successfully kept this out of their history books and they have never officially apologized for the atrocities they committed on the Chinese People of Nanking! </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">They have apologized for the hard ships they caused to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> during the war but never admitted to the atrocities committed by them on the Chinese people during the occupation of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">! Some in fact still deny that it happened at all! Only 28 where ever taken to trial, two died during the trial, one had a mental brake down (but was mysteriously cured in 1948 and let go free) 25 where convicted. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">NONE of the Imperial Family where ever charged or taken to court! They all had to have know about this shit happening! Why? </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Because the American government wanted the documents from all the experiments conducted by them on the unfortunate humans that suffered during their experiments! That’s why!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (You got it….. ASSHOLES!) </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">They pretty much let everyone of any importance off with a slap on the wrist! </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Most experts agree that at least 300000 Chinese, died and 20000 women were raped. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">If you want to read a great book or watch a great movie, this is one of the better ones. Sickening, but all true, !</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">We need to remember so that it this never happens again!</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMuK7Bj-22I/AAAAAAAAALw/GK_M-Qgy5PY/s1600/The+Book+The+rape+of+nanking.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMuK7Bj-22I/AAAAAAAAALw/GK_M-Qgy5PY/s1600/The+Book+The+rape+of+nanking.jpg" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">From Wikipedia; The Rape of Nanking:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> The forgotten Holocaust of World War II; a 1997 Non-fiction, written by Iris Chang about the 1937–1938 Nanking Massacre</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rape_of_Nanking_%28book%29">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rape_of_Nanking_%28book%29</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Her mother said the book "made Iris sad". Iris Chang suffered from depression and was diagnosed with "brief reactive psychosis" in August 2004. She began taking medications to stabilize her mood, a short while later she succumbed to her battle with depression, and took her own life in November 2004. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">One of the last notes she left was this one:</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 16pt;">I can never shake my belief that I was being recruited, and later persecuted, by forces more powerful than I could have imagined. Whether it was the CIA or some other organization I will never know. As long as I am alive, these forces will never stop hounding me.</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">She stood up for the truth but because of a few discrepancies in her book she was ridiculed by many! Mostly by people that had something to hide or something to be afraid of.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">When I read the book in 2000, I e-mailed her to thank her for bring this to the attention of the world so that something like this would never happen again!! </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris Chang was an amazing young lady!!! </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">May you rest in peace Iris, the world is a leaser place with out you!! </span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMt0vR3_0dI/AAAAAAAAALg/93x0Q_dK-cc/s1600/Iris+Chang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMt0vR3_0dI/AAAAAAAAALg/93x0Q_dK-cc/s320/Iris+Chang.jpg" width="227" /> </a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Read the Rape of Nanking or watch the movie! </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">It’s a great book written by a very gutsy girl! </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">That I’m sure is dearly missed by many!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">This is all put to gather from my investigation into The Rape of Nanking. I’ve put links to where I got this information, if you want further reading or proof, go to the links, there is much to read on this subject and a lot of good people have put a lot of hard work and hours and hours of investigation, into collecting this information. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">If anyone has a problem with my posting any of the following, let me know and I will take it out of the post! </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">I’m not making any money off this, I’m purely trying to give credit to a young lady that went above and beyond what most of us could endure, to bring out the truth about the atrocity’s that where committed by the Japanese army on the people of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Make note here that it was an unprovoked act of war!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">If you can watch all the videos and read everything I have collected here and still say that these atrocities didn’t happen. Then you either had something to do with it and have something to hide or you knew about it and are ashamed that you didn’t do any thing to stop it or you are just blocking it from your mind, because you are ashamed or just can’t except that the Japanese people could commit such atrocities towards their fellow man!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Be for warned!! This is very explicit, very gory, and very, very disturbing!!! </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">It's not for the week of heart!!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">I felt I needed to do this so that this young ladies name would never be forgotten and so that mankind never lets something like this ever happen again to anyone on this earth or any other planet in the universe!!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Thank you Iris for your determination and your undying courage to follow this through!! </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">You will truly be missed!!!!</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Love Always</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> &</span><br />
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Forever Peace</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">RColdguy In search of the truth, in the name of freedom, for I truly believe that the truth will set us free! </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>></span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMttIbafaKI/AAAAAAAAALY/cuH6PE3rscQ/s1600/the+rape+of+nanking.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMttIbafaKI/AAAAAAAAALY/cuH6PE3rscQ/s320/the+rape+of+nanking.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Official Web sight for Iris Chang:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <a href="http://www.irischangthemovie.com/">http://www.irischangthemovie.com/</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Go here to see a trailer of the Movie, cast and characters or purchase the movie. Or read the interviews with people that where there during what happened and came forward to tell theirs story; </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">,</span></div>
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<b><i><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Xia Shu Qin, Jiang Gen Fu, Ni Cui Ping, Qin Jie, Wu Zheng XI, Lei Gue Ying, Chang Zhi Qiang</span></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">“I thank you all personally for you courage to come forward and tell your stories!!!” RColdguy</span><br />
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<img alt="http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMTY5MTAwMjI1NV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwODAzMjc1MQ@@._V1._SY317_CR0,0,214,317_.jpg" src="http://ia.media-imdb.com/images/M/MV5BMTY5MTAwMjI1NV5BMl5BanBnXkFtZTcwODAzMjc1MQ@@._V1._SY317_CR0,0,214,317_.jpg" /><span style="font-size: small;">This Documentory</span><span style="font-size: small;"> Nanking (<a href="http://www.imdb.com/year/2007/">2007</a>)</span><span style="font-size: small;"> by Directors: </span><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0349702/"> Bill Guttentag</a>, <a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1383547/">Dan Sturman</a> and Writers: <a href="http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0349702/">Bill Guttentag</a> Dan Sturman </span><br />
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"Nanking" tells the story of the rape of Nanking, one of the most tragic events in history. In 1937, the invading Japanese army murdered over 200,000 and raped tens of thousands of Chinese. In the midst of the horror, a small group of Western expatriates banded together to save 250,000 -- an act of extraordinary heroism. Bringing an event little-known outside of Asia to a global audience, "Nanking" shows the tremendous impact individuals can make on the course of history. It is a gripping account of light in the darkest of times. <br />
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In 1937, the Japanese army invades China in a cruel war and after the fall of Shanghai, the soldiers head to the capital Nanking. A group of Western foreigners led by John Rabe, Minnie Vautrin, Bob Wilson and George Fitch create the Safety Zone, a sanctuary that was not bombed by the Japanese airplanes, to protect thousands of refugees. While the Japanese soldiers reach the town on 13 December 1937, raping, slaughtering and pillaging the civilian, the heroic group of Westerns defends the lives of about 250,000 Chinese sacrificing their own freedom, and succeeds to tell the world the crimes of war committed by the Japanese army in Nanking<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris Chang on Rape of </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> testified at a mock grand jury on the atrocity’s 4 min.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8fzbUoQdio&feature=related">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V8fzbUoQdio&feature=related</a></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Toronto, TV-Iris Chang the Rape of </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> movie crew interview -2007</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">A 58 min. Interview with Iris Chang about her last book</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, <b>Chinese in </b></span><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">America</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japanese War Crimes; The Rape of </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">; (GRAPHIC) 7 min</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Rape of </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Atrocities in </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Asia</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">; (Massacre, Graphic) 1.17 min.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoW2WYdOsvg&feature=channel">http://www.moviesfoundonline.com/rape_of_nanking.php</a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Unit 731 Japanese Torture & Human Medial Experciments (Graphic)19 min.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre; 70 years later Part 1/11 </span></h1>
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<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJA4f1eJdG8"><span style="font-size: 16pt;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJA4f1eJdG8</span></a></h1>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Amarican Government should have hung the whole royal family over this!!!</span></h1>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">“But then they wouldn’t have been able to get all that information on the experiments now would they” </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Look it up! It’s not bullshit it is all TRUE!!!</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">>>>>>>>>>>>></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris Chang (</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">10-28-68</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> -- 11-09 04 (RIP) “<i>You will truly be missed by All!!”</i></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Taken from: The Asia-Pacific Journal:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <a href="http://www.japanfocus.org/-David-McNeill/2599">http://www.japanfocus.org/-David-McNeill/2599</a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Look Back in Anger. Filming the </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><br />David McNeill</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><br /><br />A crop of new movies released to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the Nanjing Massacre is set to again dredge up the controversy about one of the 20th Century’s most notorious events. How will </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> react?<br /><br />One way to learn what happened in one of history’s most noxious but disputed episodes is to ask Mizushima Satoru. After what he calls “exhaustive research” on the seizure of the then Chinese capital by Japanese troops in 1937, estimated to have cost anywhere from 20,000 to 300,000 lives.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Mizushima offers a very precise figure for the number of illegal deaths: zero. “The evidence for a massacre is faked,” explains the president of right-wing webcaster Channel Sakura. “It is Chinese communist propaganda.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">For support, he brandishes a book containing what he says are dozens of doctored photos. One shows a beheaded Chinese corpse with a cigarette stuck in its mouth. “Japanese people don’t mistreat corpses like that,” he says, stabbing the page for emphasis. “It is not in our culture.”<br /><br />The world will soon have a chance to assess these claims when Mizushima’s movie, The Truth of Nanjing hits the cinemas. The documentary is supported by over a dozen lawmakers, including Nariaki Nakayama, a former education minister under ex-Prime Minister Koizumi Junichiro and a panel of academics led by Higashinakano Shudo, a history professor at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> who provides much of its thin intellectual gruel. <br /><br />Courts in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> recently ruled that Higashinakano libeled survivors (Xia Shuqin and Li Xiuying) of the massacre in two books that documented their experiences of atrocities in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> as fantasies. <br /><br />Arguments over what occurred in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> began almost as soon as Imperial soldiers marched into the city on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Dec. 13, 1937</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and have only grown in ferocity since. They are played out for the digital generation on YouTube, where hundreds of clips, including Who Witnessed Nanjing and China Could Not Prove Nanjing Massacre Happened (sic) are posted, along with the foulest racist comments. <br /><br />These smoldering disputes are finally set to cross over into mass “entertainment” on the 70th anniversary of the massacre, with nearly a dozen new movies backed by US, European and Chinese money set to pick again at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">’s scabs. Most are still being filmed or are in post-production so it is too early to say what to expect, but one thing is certain: Japanese neo-nationalists have little hope of winning the propaganda war second time around. <br /><br />Mizushima’s reputed $2-million budget for The Truth (funded by a network of 5,000-odd supporters) is dwarfed, for example, by the $53-million Purple Mountain (named after the picturesque peaks around the east of Nanjing) currently filming in China. Adapted from the bestseller The Rape of Nanking by the bête noire of Japanese conservatives, Iris Chang, the US-Chinese production is aiming for nothing less than an Asian version of Schindler’s List, Director Simon West (of Con Air fame) told Variety magazine in the summer. <br /><br />Award-winning Japanese actors Kagawa Teruyuki and Emoto Akira will appear in John Rabe, a German movie also starring Steve Buscemi and Ulrich Tukur (The Lives of Others) as the eponymous Nazi, dubbed the “Schindler of China” for his role in rescuing thousands of Chinese civilians in the so-called Nanjing Safety Zone. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Rabe is also the subject of another German documentary, “John Rabe: The Schindler of Nanjing,” produced by public service broadcaster ZDF. “There is a lot of fascination with Rabe right now,” says director Annette Baumeister. “For us, we are interested in whether it was possible to be a good Nazi, you know?” As yet, her movie has no Japanese distributor. “We tried to sell the movie to (public service broadcaster) NHK in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">,” “They said they will make their own movie about the subject. And maybe they will, someday (laughs).” </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> The $35-million Nanking Xmas 1937, helmed by </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hong Kong</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> art-house director Yim Ho, meanwhile, will depict the efforts of the small community of foreigners in the wartime city to protect civilians from rampaging Japanese troops. Then there is </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">! </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">!, reportedly starring some of the biggest names in Chinese cinema, including Liu Ye and Feng Wei. <br /><br />The fact that various arms of the Chinese state are involved in all these productions will doubtless fuel the suspicions of Japanese neo-nationalists that this is a Beijing-steered plot designed to drag </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> through the international mud. Some are already muttering darkly about Chinese “black propaganda.” “</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> is trying to control what the world thinks of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">,” said Mizushima. <br /><br />But the directors and writers behind the movies claim they were forced to tone down content by nervous Chinese censors fretting about their impact on relations with the country’s biggest Asian trading partner. <br /><br />The makers of Nanking!, for example, reportedly endured months of vetting before getting permission to shoot, and then on condition that the state-owned China Film Group be allowed to jump aboard. “The movie touches on the sphere of diplomacy,” Director Lu Chuan recently told the Associated Press, hinting that his script was shuffled across the desks of the Foreign Ministry and the Communist Party’s Central Propaganda Department before being given the green light. <br /></span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Beijing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> faces a tricky balancing act. </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> occupies a central place in the foundational myths of post-1949 </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and the success of the Communists in defeating both the Japanese invaders and the nationalists who failed to protect the country from them. The government hopes -- quite legitimately – to ensure an event that was for decades all but ignored in popular culture is not forgotten, while harnessing it to its own nationalist ends. At the same time it must avoid damaging bilateral ties just as its growing power in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> butts up against a declining </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. <br /><br />Only time will tell if it succeeds. But one sign that the horrific events of December 1937 to March 1938 are no longer only a bilateral issue is the growing interest of foreign filmmakers. Oliver Stone is reportedly in script development for a movie about </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, and James Bond director Roger Spottiswoode is in post-production with The Bitter Sea, about a British journalist who witnesses the massacre. The movie, which stars Brendan Fraser, is scheduled for release in March next year. <br /><br />The powerful Documentary film Nanking, directed by Bill Guttentag and Dan Sturman (Twin Towers) and released earlier this year, is already the most watched documentary in Chinese film history, claim its makers. The movie will make extremely uncomfortable viewing for deniers: it is constructed entirely from archive footage of atrocities and witness accounts of survivors narrated by actors such as Woody Harrelson and Muriel Hemingway. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><br />“I know about the book’s controversy in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">,” explains producer Ted Leonsis, who was inspired to put the movie together after reading Chang’s book. “So we hired 38 people who spent 18 months all over the world doing research. Our conclusion was we should have no point of view, to just document what happened.”<br /><br />“We felt we should only have words from people who were there. We were able to interview Chinese and Japanese survivors and these accounts are so rich. You know, Minnie Vautrin wrote 1,100 letters home. So we had all that material. <br /><br />Leonsis was motivated to make the movie after reading about Iris Chang’s account of the Rape. “Chinese people and Western people teamed up to defend thousands of civilians and their story had never been told. At a time when we’re not very popular outside the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">US</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> I thought it was fascinating that here were Americans who are considered gods and goddesses in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.”<br /><br />Most frustrating of all for Mizushima and co., however, is a documentary by Canadian husband-and-wife team William Spahic and Anne Pick. The Woman Who Couldn’t Forget: The Iris Chang Story, focuses on the author of the book credited with dragging what she called “the forgotten holocaust” back into the daylight and igniting a movement to remember the massacre among the Chinese Diaspora in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">North America</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Chang, who committed suicide three years ago, is the inspiration and unofficial patron saint to most of the new movies, a galling development for her enemies in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. Her book was picked apart by conservatives here who accused her of exaggerating, sloppy research and – the biggest sin -- failing to distinguish between the truth and wartime Chinese propaganda. She also largely ignored the work of courageous Japanese scholars and journalists such as Honda Katsuichi, who authored a Seventies (Japanese) bestseller based on interviews with survivors and witnesses, and Fujiwara Akira, until his death the dean of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> scholars. Japanese publishers cite her errors as the reason why the book, released in 1997, has never been translated into Japanese. <br /><br />The damage runs deep, say historians. “Iris Chang reopened the issue and brought it to the attention of the international community,” says Mark Selden, research associate in the East Asia Program at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Cornell</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. “But her careless research and overstatements opened the way for neo-nationalists to discredit (in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">) not only the book but - guilt by association - much of the solid scholarship that Japanese researchers were producing,” </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><br />Whatever about the book’s faults, it did dig up a stinking political corpse that had been buried for years, and drew attention to the overlooked Rabe diaries, another key source for many of the new film projects. “The </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> holocaust was swept under the carpet by all concerned for geo-political reasons,” Spahic told journalist Thomas Podvin this year. “Her book more than any other event changed that forever.”<br /><br />For better or worse then, Chang has helped push the issue out of academia and into popular culture, where its impact will be far less predictable, or manageable. At the very least, anti-Japanese sentiment is likely to be inflamed in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, where nationalist passions are already high. A tsunami of bad publicity is also certain to come from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Europe</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">America</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, as </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> is fully aware. <br /><br />“It is a delicate issue so we hope filmmakers will not create negative emotional reactions,” says government press secretary Sakaba Mitsuo. He says a joint academic committee set up with </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to study the issue in a “non-political way” will clarify what happened in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. “We expect much of this study group, so we hope the movies don’t make the work of the experts difficult.” <br /><br />That seems unlikely. Few of the millions who will see the movies are likely to appreciate that much of the most sophisticated research on the atrocities committed by Japanese troops during World War II occurs in Japanese academe, although only a tiny fraction appears in English. Or that decades of official censorship and fudging have left many young Japanese woefully ignorant of what took place. No doubt the movie makers will retort that </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> is reaping what it sows by allowing a small clique of ultra-nationalists, emboldened by support in Kasumigaseki, to hold sway over the debate about </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. <br /><br />As for Mizushima and other deniers, how will they react to taking such a monumental beating in the propaganda war? “I think that it will reinforce their siege mentality,” says Nakano Koichi, a political scientist at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">’s </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Sophia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. He says that many of the people behind Mizushima's production overlap with those who took out a full-page paid advertisement in the Washington Post in June this year, rebutting accusations made against the Japanese government and on the issue of sex slaves.<br /><br />“They seem to think that they are the sole possessor of "truths" and "historical facts" under siege (by the anti-Japan Chinese among others), and that those "truths" will prevail, if only they are widely and correctly disseminated in the international community, particularly to the American audience. Of course, they are only deluding themselves, and they end up digging a deeper hole for themselves.”<br /><br />Will any of these movies be seen in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">? As yet, none is scheduled. A spokesman for a major distribution company, who wished to remain anonymous, said releasing them here would be “difficult” though not impossible. “It will depend on the impact they have abroad.” <br /><br />Sakura’s Mizushima, meanwhile, says his movie does not have an official release date, although the company plans to show the first two-hour installment to invited journalists in mid-December. The documentary is one of a three-part series, starting with the disputed Tokyo Trials and the 1947 execution of seven war criminals by the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">US</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> occupation, including Matsui Iwane, the man accused of orchestrating the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> invasion. Mizushima could be found filming the executions in a </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> studio this month in the Nikkatsu Studios. His set designer had recreated the execution gallows and actors were rehearsing by being dropped through trapdoors. “It is very emotional. I hope this will make the Americans regret what they did,” he said. “But I don’t suppose it will.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">What might we expect from parts 2 and 3? He gives some hints in his reply to a key question: Was the Imperial Japanese Army guilty of any war crimes? “None,” he replies. “In war, atrocities will always be carried out by a small number of individuals, but did the Japanese army systematically commit war crimes? Absolutely not.” <br /><br />While the details and the number of deaths continue to be debated, most historians agree that the Nanjing massacre — also known as the "Rape of Nanjing" — was an atrocity, in which 80,000 or more Chinese civilians and surrendered soldiers were killed (the International Military Tribunal on the Far East in 1946 considered credible a figure of 200,000) and tens of thousands of women raped following the Japanese capture of the city. Despite compelling documentary evidence, eyewitness accounts – including some by Japanese soldiers -- and photographic evidence, Japanese revisionists continue to reject charges that war crimes and atrocities occurred there. The country's undigested war history continues to poison one of the world's most important bilateral relationships. Recent anti-Japanese riots in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> have forced </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Beijing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to set up a joint education panel to narrow major differences of interpretation over wartime events. Some on the Japanese side argue that </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> has become so politicized — particularly the often-cited figure of 300,000 deaths inscribed in the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> memorial — that measured academic discussion has become almost impossible. "It is very difficult indeed," says Kitaoka Shinichi, a law professor at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> who is part of the Japanese delegation to the panel. "But we have to find some way of narrowing the gap between us.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><br />"Neo-nationalist scholars such as Higashinakano and Fujioka Nobukatsu oppose such discussions, arguing that Japanese academics have nothing to gain by talking to their Chinese counterparts. "There is no point in talks," says Fujioka. "The Chinese government has decided there was a massacre — so what good can come out of them?"<br /><br />Higashinakano and Fujioka are the leading figures in what critics have called the maboroshi-ha, or illusion school, of Nanjing and Asia Pacific War research which rejects all allegations of war crimes in the taking of the city and indeed the fifteen-year war. Higashinakano says 30,000 published photos of events from the massacre are faked. The two professors' work is criticized by many academics in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and even by some within the revisionist school, who say that while the casualty figures remain disputed, their research lacks credibility. "There are a lot of crazy people on both sides who collect around the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> debate," says Hata Ikuhiko, a history professor at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nihon</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> who wrote the seminal 1986 book Nankin Jiken (The Nanjing Incident). Hata argues that roughly 40,000 Chinese died in the taking of the city, although he disputes the application of the term "massacre" to the simultaneous killing of captured soldiers and says wartime Chinese propaganda inflated the casualty figures.<br /><br />The following lawmakers are listed as supporters of The Truth of Nanjing on the Sakura Channel’s website:<br /><br /><b>House of Representatives</b><br />Nishimura Shingo (ex-DPJ), Matsubara Jin (DPJ), Toida Toru (LDP), Watanabe Atsushi (LDP), Akaike Masaaki (LDP), Washio Eiichiro (DPJ), Ryu Hirofumi (DPJ), Matsumoto Yohei (LDP), Inada Tomomi (LDP) <br /><br /><b>House of Councilors</b><br />Matsushita Shimpei (independent), Oe Yasuhiro (DPJ), Nakayama Nariaki (LDP)<br /><br /><br />David McNeill writes regularly for a number of publications including the Irish Times and the Chronicle of Higher Education. He is a Japan Focus coordinator.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">From Wikipedia, </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanking_Massacre">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanking_Massacre</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Nanking Massacre or Nanjing Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanking, is a mass murder and war rape that occurred during the six-week period following the Japanese capture of the city of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the former capital of the Republic of China, on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">December 13, 1937</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> during the Second Sino-Japanese War. During this period, hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers were murdered and 20,000–80,000 women were raped by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The massacre remains a contentious political issue, as various aspects of it have been disputed by some historical revisionists and Japanese Nationalist who have claimed that the massacre has been either exaggerated or wholly fabricated for propaganda purposes. As a result of the nationalist efforts to deny or rationalize the war crimes, the controversy created surrounding the massacre remains a stumbling block in Sino-Japanese relations, as well as Japanese relations with other Asia-Pacific nations such as </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">South Korea</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Philippines</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">An accurate estimation of the death toll in the massacre is never achieved because most of the Japanese military records on the killings were deliberately destroyed or kept secret shortly after the surrender of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in 1945. The International Military Tribunal of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Far East</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> estimates more than 200,000 casualties in the incident; </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s official estimate is about 300,000 casualties, based on the evaluation of the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal. Estimates from Japanese historians vary widely, in the vicinity of 40,000–200,000. Some Japanese scholars even deny that a widespread, systematic massacre occurred at all, claiming that any deaths were either justified militarily, accidental or isolated incidents of unauthorized atrocities. These negationists claim that the characterization of the incident as a large-scale, systematic massacre was fabricated for the purpose of political propaganda.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Although the Japanese government has admitted the acts of the killing of a large number of noncombatants, looting and other violence committed by the Imperial Japanese Army after the fall of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, some Japanese officials have argued that the death toll was military in nature and that no such crimes ever occurred. Denial of the massacre (and a divergent array of revisionist accounts of the killings) has become a staple of Japanese nationalism. In </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, public opinion of the massacres varies, and few deny the occurrence of the massacre outright. Nonetheless, recurring attempts by negationists to promote a revisionist history of the incident have created controversy that periodically reverberates in the international media, particularly in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">South Korea</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, and other East Asian nations.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Military situation</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In August 1937, the Japanese army invaded </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Shanghai</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and there they met strong resistance and suffered heavy casualties. The battle was bloody as both sides faced attrition in urban hand-to-hand combat. By mid-November the Japanese had captured </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Shanghai</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> with the help of naval bombardment. The General Staff Headquarters in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> initially decided not to expand the war due to heavy casualties incurred and the low morale of the troops. However, on December 1, headquarters ordered the Central China Area Army and the 10th Army to capture </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, then-capital of the Republic of China. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Relocation of the Chinese capital</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">After losing the Battle of Shanghai, Chiang Kai-shek knew the fall of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> would be simply a matter of time. He and his staff realized that he could not risk annihilation of their elite troops in a symbolic but hopeless defense of the capital. In order to preserve the army for future battles, most of them were withdrawn. Chiang Kai-shek's strategy was to follow the suggestion of his German advisers to draw the Japanese army deep into </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> utilizing </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s vast territory as a defensive strength. Chiang planned to fight a protracted war of attrition by wearing down the Japanese in the hinterland of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Leaving General Tang Shengzhi in charge of the city for the Battle of Nanking, Chiang and many of his advisors flew to Wuhank, where they stayed until it was attacked in 1938.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Strategy for the defense of Nanking</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In a press release to foreign reporters, Tang Shengzhi announced the city would not surrender and would fight to the death. Tang gathered about 100,000 soldiers, largely untrained, including Chinese troops who had participated in the Battle of Shanghai. To prevent civilians from fleeing the city, he ordered troops to guard the port, as instructed by Chiang Kai-shek. The defense force blocked roads, destroyed boats, and burnt nearby villages, preventing widespread evacuation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Chinese government left for relocation on December 1, and the president left on December 7, leaving the fate of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to an International Committee led by John Rabe.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The defense plan fell apart quickly. Those defending the city encountered Chinese troops fleeing from previous defeats such as the Battle of Shanghai, running from the advancing Japanese army. This did nothing to help the morale of the defenders.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">One of the articles published in the </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Nichi Nichi Shimbun.on the contest to kill 100 people using a sword" </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The headline reads, "'Incredible Record' in the Contest to Cut Down 100 People, Mukai 106 Noda 105 Both 2nd Lieutenants Go Into Extra Innings".</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">The sword used in the "contest" is on display at the Republic of </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Armed</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Forces</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Museum</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Taipei</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Taiwan</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Although the Nanking Massacre is generally described as having occurred over a six-week period after the fall of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the crimes committed by the Japanese army were not limited to that period. Many atrocities were reported to have been committed as the Japanese army advanced from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Shanghai</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">According to one Japanese journalist embedded with Imperial forces at the time, "The reason that the 10th Army is advancing to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> quite rapidly is due to the tacit consent among the officers and men that they could loot and rape as they wish.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Novelist Ishikawa Tatsuzo vividly described how the 16th Division of the Shanghai Expeditionary Force committed atrocities on the march between </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Shanghai</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in his novel Ikiteiru Heitai (Living Soldiers) which was based on interviews that Tatsuzo conducted with troops in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> during January 1938.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Perhaps the most notorious atrocity was a killing contest between two Japanese as reported in the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun and the English language Japan Advertiser. The contest was covered much like a sporting event with regular updates on the score over a series of days. In </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the veracity of the newspaper article about the contest was the subject of ferocious debate for several decades starting in 1967.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In 2000, historian Bob Wakabayashi concurred with certain Japanese scholars who had argued that the contest was a concocted story, with the collusion of the soldiers themselves for the purpose of raising the national fighting spirit. In 2005, a </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> district judge dismissed a suit by the families of the lieutenants, stating that "the lieutenants admitted the fact that they raced to kill 100 people" and that the story cannot be proven to be clearly false. The judge also ruled against the civil claim of the plaintiffs because the original article was more than 60 years old. The historicity of the event remains disputed in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Flight of Chinese civilians</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">As the Japanese army drew closer to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Chinese civilians fled the city in droves. The people of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> fled in panic not only because of the dangers of the anticipated battle but also because they feared the deprivation inherent in the scorched earth strategy that the Chinese troops were implementing in the area surrounding the city.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On July 31, the KMT had issued a statement that they were determined to turn every Chinese national and every piece of their soil into ash, rather than turn them over to the opponent. The </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> garrison force set fire to buildings and houses in the areas close to Xiakuan to the north as well as in the environs of the eastern and southern city gates. Targets within and outside of the city walls—such as military barracks, private homes, the Chinese Ministry of Communication, forests and even entire villages—were burnt to cinders, at an estimated value of 20 to 30 million (1937) US dollars.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Establishment of the Nanking Safety Zone</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Many Westerners were living in the city at that time, conducting trade or on missionary trips. As the Japanese army approached </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, most of them fled the city, leaving 27 foreigners. Five of these were journalists who remained in the city a few days after it was captured, leaving the city on December 16. 15 of the remaining 22 foreigners formed a committee, called the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone German businessman John Rabe was elected as its leader, in part because of his status as a member of the Nazi party and the existence of the German-Japanese bilateral Anit-Comintern Pact.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Committee established the Nanking Safety Zone in the western quarter of the city. The Japanese government had previously agreed not to attack parts of the city that did not contain Chinese military forces, and the members of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone managed to persuade the Chinese government to move their troops out of the area.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">December 1, 1937</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Nanking Mayor Ma Chao-chun ordered all Chinese citizens remaining in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to move into the “Safety Zone”. Ma fled the city on December 7, and the International Committee took over as the de facto government of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Prince Asaka appointed as commander (</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Prince Yasuhiko Asaka: 1940) </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In a memorandum for the palace rolls, Hirohito had singled Prince Asaka Yasuhiko out for censure as the one imperial kinsman whose attitude was "not good." He assigned Asaka to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> as an opportunity to make amends.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On December 5, Asaka left </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> by plane and arrived at the front three days later. Asaka met with division commanders, lieutenant-generals Kesago Nakajima and Heisuke Yanagawa, who informed him that the Japanese troops had almost completely surrounded three hundred thousand Chinese troops in the vicinity of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and that preliminary negotiations suggested that the Chinese were ready to surrender.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Prince Asaka allegedly issued an order to "kill all captives," thus providing official sanction for the crimes which took place during and after the battle. Some authors record that Prince Asaka signed the order for Japanese soldiers in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to "kill all captives" Others claim that lieutenant colonel Isamu Cho, Asaka's aide-de-cam, sent this order under the Prince's sign manual without the Prince's knowledge or assent. However, even if Chō took the initiative on his own, Prince Asaka, who was nominally the officer in charge, gave no orders to stop the carnage. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">When General Matsui arrived in the city four days after the massacre had begun, he issued strict orders that resulted in the eventual end of the massacre.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">While the extent of Prince Asaka's responsibility for the massacre remains a matter of debate, the ultimate sanction for the massacre and the crimes committed during the invasion of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> were issued in the Emperor Hirohito’s ratification of the Japanese army's proposition to remove the constraints of international lawon the treatment of Chinese prisoners on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">August 5, 1937</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">The </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Battle</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> of </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Siege of the city</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On December 7, the Japanese army issued a command to all troops, advising that because occupying a foreign capital was an unprecedented event for the Japanese military, those soldiers who "[commit] any illegal acts", "dishonor the Japanese Army", "loot", or "cause a fire to break out, even because of their carelessness" would be severely punished.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Japanese military continued to move forward, breaching the last lines of Chinese resistance, and arriving outside the walled city of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> on December 9.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Demand for surrender</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">At </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">noon</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> on December 9, the military dropped leaflets into the city, urging the surrender of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> within 24 hours, promising annihilation if refused. Meanwhile, members of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone contacted Tang and suggested a plan for three-day cease-fire, during which the Chinese troops could withdraw without fighting while the Japanese troops would stay in their present position.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">General Tang agreed with this proposal if the International Committee could acquire permission of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, who had already fled to Hankow to which he had temporarily shifted the military headquarters two days earlier.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">German businessman and chairman of the International Committee, John Rabe, boarded the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">U.S.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> gunboat </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Panay</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> on Dec. 9 and sent two telegrams, one to Chiang Kai-shek by way of the American ambassador in Hankow, and one to the Japanese military authority in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Shanghai</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. The next day he was informed that Chiang Kai-shek, who had ordered that </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> be defended "to the last man," had refused to accept the proposal.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Assault and capture of </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iwane Matsui enters </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, The Japanese awaited an answer to their demand for surrender but no response was received from the Chinese by the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">noon</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> deadline on December 10. General Matsui Iwane waited another hour before issuing the command to take </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> by force. The Japanese army mounted its assault on the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> walls from multiple directions; the SEF’s 16th Division attacked three gates on the eastern side, the 6th Division of the 10A launched its offensive on the western walls, and the SEF’s 9th Division advanced into the area in-between.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On December 12, after two days of Japanese attack, under heavy artillery fire and aerial bombardment, General Tang Sheng-chi ordered his men to retreat. What followed was nothing short of chaos. Some Chinese soldiers stripped civilians of their clothing in a desperate attempt to blend in, and many others were shot by the Chinese supervisory unit as they tried to flee.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On the 13th of December, the 6th and the 116th Divisions of the Japanese Army were the first to enter the city, facing little military resistance. Simultaneously, the 9th Division entered nearby Guanghua Gate, and the 16th Division entered the Zhongshan and Taiping gates. That same afternoon, two small Japanese Navy fleets arrived on both sides of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Yangtze River</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> fell to the Japanese by nightfall.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Pursuit and mopping-up operations</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Soldiers from the Imperial Japanese Army enter </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in January 1938, Japanese troops pursued the retreating Chinese army units, primarily in the Xiakuan area to the north of the city walls and around the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Zijin</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Mountain</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in the east. Although the popular narrative suggests that the final phase of the battle consisted of a one-sided slaughter of Chinese troops by the Japanese, some Japanese historians maintain that the remaining Chinese military still posed a serious threat to the Japanese. Prince Yasuhiko Asaka, SEF commander, told a war correspondent later that he was in a very perilous position when his headquarters was ambushed by Chinese forces that were in the midst of retreating from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> east of the city. On the other side of the city, the 11th Company of the 45th Regiment encountered some 20,000 Chinese soldiers who were making their way from Xiakuan.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Japanese army conducted its mopping-up operation both inside and outside the </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Safety zone</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Since the area outside the safety zone had been almost completely evacuated, the mopping-up effort was concentrated in the safety zone. The safety zone, an area of 3.85 square kilometers, was literally packed with the remaining population of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. The Japanese army leadership assigned sections of the safety zone to some units to separate alleged plain-clothed soldiers from the civilians.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Massacre</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Eyewitness accounts of Westerners and Chinese present at Nanking in the weeks after the fall of the city state that over the course of six weeks following the fall of Nanking, Japanese troops engaged in rape, murder, theft, arson, and other war crimes. Some of these accounts came from foreigners who opted to stay behind in order to protect Chinese civilians from harm, including the diaries of German John Rabe and American Minnie Vautrin. Other accounts include first-person testimonies of the Nanking Massacre survivors, eyewitness reports of journalists (both Western and Japanese), as well as the field diaries of military personnel. An American missionary, John Magee, stayed behind to provide a 16 mm film documentary and first-hand photographs of the Nanking Massacre.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">A group of foreign expatriates headed by John Rabe had formed the 15-man International Committee on November 22 and mapped out the Nanking Safety Zone in order to safeguard civilians in the city, where the population numbered from 200,000 to 250,000. Rabe and American missionary Lewis S. C. Smythe, secretary of the International Committee and a professor of sociology at the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, recorded the actions of the Japanese troops and filed complaints to the Japanese embassy.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Rape</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Case 5 of John Magee's film: on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">December 13, 1937</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, about 30 Japanese soldiers murdered all but 2 Chinese of 11 in the house at No. 5 Xinlukou. A woman and her two teenager daughters were raped, and Japanese rammed a bottle and a cane in the vagina. An eight-year old girl was stabbed but she and her younger sister survived. They were found alive, two weeks after the tragedy by an old lady shown in the photo. Bodies of the victims can also be seen in the photo.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The International Military Tribunal for the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Far East</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> estimated that 20,000 women were raped, including infants and the elderly. A large portion of these rapes were systematized in a process where soldiers would search door-to-door for young girls, with many women taken captive and gang raped. The women were often killed immediately after the rape, often through explicit mutilation or by stabbing a bayonet, long stick of bamboo, or other objects into the vagina.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">On </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">19 December 1937</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Reverend James M. McCallum wrote in his diary:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">I know not where to end. Never I have heard or read such brutality. Rape! Rape! Rape! We estimate at least 1,000 cases a night, and many by day. In case of resistance or anything that seems like disapproval, there is a bayonet stab or a bullet ... People are hysterical ... Women are being carried off every morning, afternoon and evening. The whole Japanese army seems to be free to go and come as it pleases, and to do whatever it pleases.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On March 7, 1938, Robert O. Wilson, a surgeon at the American-administered University Hospital in the Safety Zone, wrote in a letter to his family, "a conservative estimate of people slaughtered in cold blood is somewhere about 100,000, including of course thousands of soldiers that had thrown down their arms".</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Here are two excerpts from his letters of 15 and </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">18 December 1937</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to his family:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The slaughter of civilians is appalling. I could go on for pages telling of cases of rape and brutality almost beyond belief. Two bayoneted corpses are the only survivors of seven street cleaners who were sitting in their headquarters when Japanese soldiers came in without warning or reason and killed five of their number and wounded the two that found their way to the hospital.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Let me recount some instances occurring in the last two days. Last night the house of one of the Chinese staff members of the university was broken into and two of the women, his relatives, were raped. Two girls, about 16, were raped to death in one of the refugee camps. In the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Middle School</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> where there are 8,000 people the Japs came in ten times last night, over the wall, stole food, clothing, and raped until they were satisfied. They bayoneted one little boy of eight who have [sic] five bayonet wounds including one that penetrated his stomach, a portion of momentum was outside the abdomen. I think he will live. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">In his diary kept during the aggression to the city and its occupation by the Imperial Japanese Army, the leader of the Safety Zone, John Rabe, wrote many comments about Japanese atrocities. </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">For the 17th December: </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Two Japanese soldiers have climbed over the garden wall and are about to break into our house. When I appear they give the excuse that they saw two Chinese soldiers climb over the wall. When I show them my party badge, they return the same way. In one of the houses in the narrow street behind my garden wall, a woman was raped, and then wounded in the neck with a bayonet. I managed to get an ambulance so we can take her to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Kulou</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hospital</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> ... Last night up to 1,000 women and girls are said to have been raped, about 100 girls at Ginling College Girls alone. You hear nothing but rape. If husbands or brothers intervene, they're shot. What you hear and see on all sides is the brutality and bestiality of the Japanese soldiers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">There are also accounts of Japanese troops forcing families to commit acts of incest. Sons were forced to rape their mothers, fathers were forced to rape daughters. One pregnant woman who was gang-raped by Japanese soldiers gave birth only a few hours later; although the baby appeared to be physically unharmed (Robert B. Edgerton, Warriors of the Rising Sun). Monks who had declared a life of celibacy were also forced to rape women.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Murder of civilians</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">On </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">13 December 1937</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, John Rabe wrote in his diary:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">It is not until we tour the city that we learn the extent of destruction. We come across corpses every 100 to 200 yards. The bodies of civilians that I examined had bullet holes in their backs. These people had presumably been fleeing and were shot from behind. The Japanese march through the city in groups of ten to twenty soldiers and loot the shops (...) I watched with my own eyes as they looted the café of our German baker Herr Kiessling. Hempel's hotel was broken into as well, as almost every shop on Chung Shang and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Taiping Road</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">10 February 1938</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Legation Secretary of the German Embassy, Rosen, wrote to his Foreign Ministry about a film made in December by Reverend John Magee to recommend its purchase. Here is an excerpt from his letter and a description of some of its shots, kept in the Political Archives of the Foreign Ministry in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Berlin</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">During the Japanese reign of terror in Nanking – which, by the way, continues to this day to a considerable degree – the Reverend John Magee, a member of the American Episcopal Church Mission who has been here for almost a quarter of a century, took motion pictures that eloquently bear witness to the atrocities committed by the Japanese .... One will have to wait and see whether the highest officers in the Japanese army succeed, as they have indicated, in stopping the activities of their troops, which continue even today.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On December 13, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">About 30 soldiers came to a Chinese house at #5 Hsing Lu Koo in the southeastern part of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, and demanded entrance. The door was open by the landlord, a Mohammedan named Ha. They killed him immediately with a revolver and also Mrs. Ha, who knelt before them after Ha's death, begging them not to kill anyone else. Mrs. Ha asked them why they killed her husband and they shot her. Mrs. Hsia was dragged out from under a table in the guest hall where she had tried to hide with her 1 year old baby. After being stripped and raped by one or more men, she was bayoneted in the chest, and then had a bottle thrust into her vagina. The baby was killed with a bayonet. Some soldiers then went to the next room, where Mrs. Hsia's parents, aged 76 and 74, and her two daughters aged 16 and 14. They were about to rape the girls when the grandmother tried to protect them. The soldiers killed her with a revolver. The grandfather grasped the body of his wife and was killed. The two girls were then stripped, the elder being raped by 2–3 men, and the younger by 3. The older girl was stabbed afterwards and a cane was rammed in her vagina. The younger girl was bayoneted also but was spared the horrible treatment that had been meted out to her sister and mother. The soldiers then bayoneted another sister of between 7–8, who was also in the room. The last murders in the house were of Ha's two children, aged 4 and 2 respectively. The older was bayoneted and the younger split down through the head with a sword.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Pregnant women were a target of murder, as they would often be bayoneted in the stomach, sometimes after rape. Tang Junshan, survivor and witness to one of the Japanese army’s systematic mass killings, testified:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The seventh and last person in the first row was a pregnant woman. The soldier thought he might as well rape her before killing her, so he pulled her out of the group to a spot about ten meters away. As he was trying to rape her, the woman resisted fiercely ... The soldier abruptly stabbed her in the belly with a bayonet. She gave a final scream as her intestines spilled out. Then the soldier stabbed the fetus, with its umbilical cord clearly visible, and tossed it aside.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">According to Navy veteran Sho Mitani</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">,</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Army used a trumpet sound that meant "Kill all Chinese who run away"». Thousands were led away and mass-executed in an excavation known as the "Ten-Thousand-Corpse Ditch", a trench measuring about 300m long and 5m wide. Since records were not kept, estimates regarding the number of victims buried in the ditch range from 4,000 to 20,000. However, most scholars and historians consider the number to be more than 12,000 victims.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Execution of Chinese POWs</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Massacre</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">August 6, 1937</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hirohito had personally ratified his army's proposition to remove the constraints of international law on the treatment of Chinese prisoners. This directive also advised staff officers to stop using the term "prisoner of war".</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Immediately after the fall of the city, Japanese troops embarked on a determined search for former soldiers, in which thousands of young men were captured. Many were taken to the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Yangtze River</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, where they were machine-gunned. What was probably the single largest massacre of Chinese troops occurred along the banks of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Yangtze River</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> on December 18 in what is called the Straw String Gorge Massacre. Japanese soldiers took most of the morning tying all of the POWs hands together and in the dusk divided them into 4 columns, and opened fire at them. Unable to escape, the POWs could only scream and thrash in desperation. It took an hour for the sounds of death to stop, and even longer for the Japanese to bayonet each individual. Most were dumped into the Yangtze. It is estimated that at least 57,500 Chinese POWs were killed.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Japanese troops gathered 1,300 Chinese soldiers and civilians at Taiping Gate and killed them. The victims were blown up with landmines, then doused with petrol before being set on fire. Those that were left alive afterward were killed with bayonets.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">F. Tillman Durdin and Archibald Steele, American news correspondents</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Reported that they had seen bodies of killed Chinese soldiers forming mounds six feet high at the Nanking Yijiang gate in the north. Durdin, who was working for the New York Times, made a tour of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> before his departure from the city. He heard waves of machine-gun fire and witnessed the Japanese soldiers gun down some two hundred Chinese within ten minutes. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Two days later, in his report to the New York Times, he stated that the alleys and street were filled with civilian bodies, including women and children.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">According to a testimony made by missionary Ralph L. Phillips to the U.S. State Assembly Investigating Committee, he was "forced to watch while the Japs disembowled a Chinese soldier" and "roasted his heart and liver and ate them".</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Theft and arson</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">One-third of the city was destroyed as a result of arson. According to reports, Japanese troops torched newly-built government buildings as well as the homes of many civilians. There was considerable destruction to areas outside the city walls. Soldiers pillaged from the poor and the wealthy alike. The lack of resistance from Chinese troops and civilians in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> meant that the Japanese soldiers were free to divide up the city's valuables as they saw fit. This resulted in the widespread looting and burglary.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">On 17 December, John Rabe wrote as chairman a complaint to Kiyoshi Fukui, second secretary of the Japanese Embassy. </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The following is an excerpt:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In other words, on the 13th when your troops entered the city, we had nearly all the civilian population gathered in a Zone in which there had been very little destruction by stray shells and no looting by Chinese soldiers even in full retreat ... All 27 Occidentals in the city at that time and our Chinese population were totally surprised by the reign of robbery, raping and killing initiated by your soldiers on the 14th. All we are asking in our protest is that you restore order among your troops and get the normal life city going as soon as possible. In the latter process we are glad to cooperate in any way we can. But even last night between 8 and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">9 p.m.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> when five Occidentals members of our staff and Committee toured the Zone to observe conditions, we did not find any single Japanese patrol either in the Zone or at the entrances! </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking Safety Zone and the role of foreigners</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Japanese troops did respect the Zone to an extent; no shells entered that part of the city leading up to the Japanese occupation except a few stray shots. During the chaos following the attack of the city, some were killed in the Safety Zone, but the crimes that took place in the rest of the city were far greater by all accounts.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Japanese soldiers committed actions in the Safety Zone that were part of the larger Nanking Massacre. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The International Committee appealed a number of times to the Japanese army, with John Rabe using his credentials as a NSDAP member, but to no avail. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Rabe wrote</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> that from time to time the Japanese would enter the Safety Zone at will, carry off a few hundred men and women, and either summarily execute them or rape and then kill them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">By </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">February 5, 1938</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the International Committee had forwarded to the Japanese embassy a total of 450 cases of murder, rape, and general disorder by Japanese soldiers that had been reported after the American, British and German diplomats had returned to their embassies.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Case 5-</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> On the night of December 14th, there were many cases of Japanese soldiers entering houses and raping women or taking them away. This created panic in the area and hundreds of women moved into the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Gingling</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">College</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> campus yesterday."</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Case 10-</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> On the night of December 15th, a number of Japanese soldiers entered the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> buildings at Tao Yuen and raped 30 women on the spot, some by six men."</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Case 13 –</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> December 18, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">4 p.m.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, at No. 18 I Ho Lu, Japanese soldiers wanted a man's cigarette case and when he hesitated, one of the soldier crashed in the side of his head with a bayonet. The man is now at the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hospital</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and is not expected to live."</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Case 14 –</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> On December 16th, seven girls (ages ranged from 16 to 21) were taken away from the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Military</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">College</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. Five returned. Each girl was raped six or seven times daily- reported December 18th."</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Case 15 –</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> There are about 540 refugees crowded in #83 and 85 on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Canton Road</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">... More than 30 women and girls have been raped. The women and children are crying all nights. Conditions inside the compound are worse than we can describe. Please give us help."</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Case 16-</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> A Chinese girl named Loh, who, with her mother and brother, was living in one of the Refugee Centers in the Refugee Zone, was shot through the head and killed by a Japanese soldier. The girl was 14 years old. The incident occurred near the Kuling Ssu, a noted temple on the border of the Refugee zone.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Case 19 –</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> January 30th, about 5 p.m. Mr. Sone (of the Nanking Theological Seminary) was greeted by several hundred women pleading with him that they would not have to go home on February 4th. They said it was no use going home they might just as well be killed for staying at the camp as to be raped, robbed or killed at home. One old woman 62 years old went home near Hansimen and Japanese soldiers came at night and wanted to rape her. She said she was too old. So the soldiers rammed a stick up her. But she survived to come back."</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">It is said that Rabe rescued between 200,000 – 250,000 Chinese people.</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Matsui's reaction to the massacre</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">December 18, 1937</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> as Matsui began to comprehend the full extent of the rape, murder, and looting in the city, he grew increasingly dismayed. He reportedly told one of his civilian aides: "I now realize that we have unknowingly wrought a most grievous effect on this city. When I think of the feelings and sentiments of many of my Chinese friends who have fled from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and of the future of the two countries, I cannot but feel depressed. I am very lonely and can never get in a mood to rejoice about this victory." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">He even let a tinge of regret flavor the statement he released to the press that morning: "I personally feel sorry for the tragedies to the people, but the Army must continue unless </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> repents. Now, in the winter, the season gives time to reflect. I offer my sympathy, with deep emotion, to a million innocent people." On New Year's Day, Matsui was still upset about the behavior of the Japanese soldiers at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. Over a toast he confided to a Japanese diplomat: "My men have done something very wrong and extremely regrettable."</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">End of the massacre</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In late January 1938, the Japanese army forced all refugees in the Safety Zone to return home, immediately claiming to have "restored order".</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">After the establishment of the “weixin zhengfu” (the collaborating government) in 1938, order was gradually restored in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and atrocities by Japanese troops lessened considerably.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">February 18, 1938</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the Nanking Safety Zone International Committee was forcibly renamed "Nanking International Rescue Committee", and the Safety Zone effectively ceased to function. The last refugee camps were closed in May 1938.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Recall of Matsui and Asaka</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In February 1938 both Prince Asaka and General Matsui were recalled to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. Matsui returned to retirement, but Prince Asaka remained on the Supreme War Council until the end of the war in August 1945. He was promoted to the rank of general in August 1939, though he held no further military commands.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Death toll estimates</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Estimates of the number of victims vary based on the definitions of the geographical range and the duration of the event.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">According to the International Military Tribunal for the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Far East</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, estimates made at a later date indicate that the total number of civilians and prisoners of war murdered in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and its vicinity during the first six weeks of the Japanese occupation was over 200,000. These estimates are borne out by the figures of burial societies and other organizations, which testify to over 155,000 buried bodies. These figures do not take into account those persons whose bodies were destroyed by burning, drowning, or other means.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">According to the verdict of the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">10 March 1947</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, there are "more than 190,000 mass slaughtered civilians and Chinese soldiers killed by machine gun by the Japanese army, whose corpses have been burned to destroy proof. Besides, we count more than 150,000 victims of barbarian acts buried by the charity organizations. We thus have a total of more than 300,000 victims."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The extent of the atrocities is debated, with numbers ranging from some Japanese claims of several hundred, to the Chinese claim of a non-combatant death toll of 300,000. A number of Japanese researchers consider 100,000–200,000 to be an accurate estimate.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Other nations believe the death toll to be between 150,000–300,000, based on the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal verdict, and another estimate of the civilian toll (excluding soldiers and POWs) is about 40,000–60,000, which corresponds to the figures from three sources; one is the Red Army's official journal of the time, Hangdibao and another is that of Miner Searle Bates of the International Safety Zone Committee, and the third is the aforementioned figure written by John Rabe in a letter. The casualty count of 300,000 was first promulgated in January 1938 by Harold Timperley, a journalist in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> during the Japanese invasion, based on reports from contemporary eyewitnesses. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Other sources, including Iris Chang's The Rape of Nanking, also conclude that the death toll reached 300,000. In December 2007, newly declassified </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">U.S.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> government show that a telegraph of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">U.S.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> ambassador to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Germany</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Berlin</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> sent one day after the Japanese army occupied </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, stating that he heard Japanese Ambassador in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Germany</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> boasting that Japanese army killed 500,000 Chinese people as the Japanese army advanced from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Shanghai</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Range and duration</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The most conservative viewpoint is that the geographical area of the incident should be limited to the few km2 of the city known as the Safety Zone, where the civilians gathered after the invasion. Many Japanese historians seized upon the fact that during the Japanese invasion there were only 200,000–250,000 citizens in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> as reported by John Rabe, to argue that the PRC's estimate of 300,000 deaths is a vast exaggeration.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">However, many historians include a much larger area around the city. Including the Xiaguan district (the suburbs north of Nanking, about 31 km2 in size) and other areas on the outskirts of the city, the population of greater Nanking was running between 535,000 and 635,000 civilians and soldiers just prior to the Japanese occupation. Some historians also include six counties around </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, known as the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Special</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Municipality</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The duration of the incident is naturally defined by its geography: the earlier the Japanese entered the area, the longer the duration. The Battle of Nanking ended on December 13, when the divisions of the Japanese Army entered the walled city of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. The Tokyo War Crime Tribunal defined the period of the massacre to the ensuing six weeks. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">More conservative estimates say the massacre started on December 14, when the troops entered the Safety Zone, and that it lasted for six weeks. Historians who define the Nanking Massacre as having started from the time the Japanese Army entered Jiangsu province push the beginning of the massacre to around mid-November to early December (Suzhou fell on November 19), and stretch the end of the massacre to late March 1938.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Various estimates</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japanese historians, depending on their definition of the geographical and time duration of the killings, give wide-ranging estimates for the number of massacred civilians, from several thousand to upwards of 200,000.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Chinese language sources tend to place the figure of massacred civilians upwards of 200,000. For example, a postwar investigation by the Nanking District Court put the number of dead during the incident as 295,525, 76% of them men, 22% women and 2% children.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">A 42-part ROC documentary produced from 1995 to 1997, entitled An Inch of Blood For An Inch of Land, asserts that 340,000 Chinese civilians died in Nanking City as a result of the Japanese invasion, 150,000 through bombing and crossfire in the five-day battle, and 190,000 in the massacre, based on the evidence presented at the Tokyo Trials.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">War crimes tribunals</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Shortly after the surrender of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the primary officers in charge of the Japanese troops at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> were put on trial. General Matsui was indicted before the International Military Tribunal for the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Far East</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> for "deliberately and recklessly" ignoring his legal duty "to take adequate steps to secure the observance and prevent breaches" of the Hague Convention. Hisao Tani, the lieutenant general of the 6th Division of the Japanese army in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, was tried by the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Other Japanese military leaders in charge at the time of the Nanking Massacre were not tried. Prince Kan'in, chief of staff of the Japanese Army during the massacre, had died before the end of the war in May 1945. Prince Asaka was granted immunity because of his status as a member of the imperial family. Isamu Cho, the aide of Prince Asaka, and who some historians believe issued the "kill all captives" memo, had committed suicide during the defense of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Okinawa</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">May 1, 1946</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, SCAP officials interrogated Prince Asaka, who was the ranking officer in the city at the height of the atrocities, about his involvement in the Nanking Massacre and the deposition was submitted to the International Prosecution Section of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> tribunal. Asaka denied the existence of any massacre and claimed never to have received complaints about the conduct of his troops.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Whatever his culpability may have been, Asaka was not prosecuted before the International Military Tribunal for the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Far East</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> at least in part because under the pact concluded between General MacArthur and Hirohito, the Emperor himself and all the members of the imperial family were granted immunity from prosecution.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The prosecution began the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> phase of its case in July 1946. Dr. Robert O. Wilson, a surgeon and a member of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone, took the witness stand first.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Other members of the International Committee for the Nanking Safety Zone who took the witness stand included Miner Searle Bates and John Magee. George A. Fitch, Lewis Smythe and James McCallum filed affidavits with their diaries and letters.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Another piece of evidence that was submitted to the tribunal was Harold Timperley's telegram regarding the Nanking Massacre which had been intercepted and decoded by the Americans on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">January 17, 1938</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">One of the books by Hsü, Documents of the Nanking Safety Zone, was also adduced in court.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">According to Matsui's own diary, one day after he made the ceremonial triumphal entry into the city on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">December 17, 1937</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, he instructed the chiefs of staff from each division to tighten military discipline and try to eradicate the sense of disdain for Chinese people among their soldiers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">February 7, 1938</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Matsui delivered a speech at a memorial service for the Japanese officers and men of the Shanghai Expeditionary Force who were killed in action. In front of the high-ranking officers, Domei News Agency reported, he emphasized the necessity to "put an end to various reports affecting the prestige of the Japanese troops."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The entry for the same day in Matsui's diary read, "I could only feel sadness and responsibility today, which has been overwhelmingly piercing my heart. This is caused by the Army's misbehaviors after the fall of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and failure to proceed with the autonomous government and other political plans."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Matsui's defence varied between denying the mass-scale atrocities and evading his responsibility for what had happened. Eventually he ended up making numerous conflicting statements.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In the interrogation in Sugamo prison preceding the trial Matsui admitted that he heard about the many outrages committed by his troops from Japanese diplomats when he entered </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">December 17, 1937</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In court, he contradicted the earlier testimony and told the judges that he was not "officially" briefed at the consulate about the evildoings, presumably to avoid admitting any contact with the consulate officials such as Second Secretary (later Acting Consul-General) Fukui Kiyoshi and Attaché Fukuda Tokuyasu who received and dealt with the protests filed by the International Committee.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In the same interrogation session before the trial Matsui said one officer and three low-ranking soldiers were court-martialed because of their misbehavior in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and the officer was sentenced to death.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In his affidavit Matsui said he ordered his officers to investigate the massacre and to take necessary action. In court, however, Matsui said that he did not have jurisdiction over the soldiers' misconduct since he was not in the position of supervising military discipline and morals.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Matsui asserted that he had never ordered the execution of Chinese POWs. He further argued that he had directed his army division commanders to discipline their troops for criminal acts, and was not responsible for their failure to carry out his directives. At trial, Matsui went out of his way to protect Prince Asaka by shifting blame to lower ranking division commanders.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Verdict</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In the end the Tribunal connected only two defendants to the Rape of Nanking</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Matsui was convicted of count 55, which charged him with being one of the senior officers who "deliberately and recklessly disregarded their legal duty [by virtue of their respective offices] to take adequate steps to secure the observance [of the Laws and Customs of War] and prevent breaches thereof, and thereby violated the laws of war."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hirota Koki, who had been the Foreign Minister when Japan conquered Nanking, was convicted of participating in "the formulation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy" (count 1), waging "a war of aggression and a war in violation of international laws, treaties, agreements and assurances against the Republic of China" (count 27) and count 55.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Matsui was convicted by a majority of the judges at the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> tribunal who ruled that he bore ultimate responsibility for the "orgy of crime" at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> because, "He did nothing, or nothing effective, to abate these horrors."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Organized and wholesale murder of male civilians was conducted with the apparent sanction of the commanders on the pretext that Chinese soldiers had removed their uniforms and were mingling with the population. Groups of Chinese civilians were formed, bound with their hands behind their backs, and marched outside the walls of the city where they were killed in groups by machine gun fire and with bayonets. --- From Judgment of the International Military Tribunal</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Radhabinod Pal, the member of the tribunal from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">India</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, dissented from the conviction arguing that the commander-in-chief must rely on his subordinate officers to enforce soldier discipline. "The name of Justice," Pal wrote in his dissent, "should not be allowed to be invoked only for ... vindictive retaliation."</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Sentence</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">November 12, 1948</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, on the basis of a simple majority of the eleven judges, Matsui and Hirota, with five other convicted Class-A war criminals, were sentenced to death by hanging. Eighteen others received lesser sentences. The death sentence imposed on Hirota, who was apparently sent to the gallows on the basis of a bare six votes, shocked the general public and prompted a petition on his behalf, which soon gathered over 300,000 signatures, but to no avail.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">General Hisao Tani was sentenced to death by the Nanking War Crimes Tribunal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In 1985, a memorial hall was built by the Nanking Municipal Government in remembrance of the victims and to raise awareness of the Nanking Massacre. It is located near a site where thousands of bodies were buried, called a "pit of ten thousand corpses," or "wan ren keng." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In 2005, John Rabe's former residence in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> was renovated and now accommodates the "John Rabe and International Safety Zone Memorial Hall", which opened in 2006.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Main article: </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre controversy and denial</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Further information: “Historiography of the Nanking Massacre”</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> have both acknowledged the occurrence of wartime atrocities. Disputes over the historical portrayal of these events continue to cause tensions between </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> on one side and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and other East Asian countries on the other side.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Cold War</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Before the 1970s, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> did relatively little to draw attention to the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> massacre. In her book Rape of Nanking Iris Chang asserted that the politics of the Cold War encouraged Mao to stay relatively silent about </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in order to keep a trade relationship with </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. In turn, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> occasionally used </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> as an opportunity to demonize one another.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The major waves of Japanese treatment of these events have ranged from total cover-up during the war, confessions and documentation by the Japanese soldiers during the 1950s and 1960s, minimization of the extent of the Nanking Massacre during the 1970s and 1980s, official Japanese government distortion and rewriting of history during the 1980s, and total denial of the occurrence of the Nanking Massacre by some government officials in 1990.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The debate concerning the massacre took place mainly in the 1970s. During this time, the Chinese government's statements about the event were attacked by the Japanese because they were said to rely too heavily on personal testimonies and anecdotal evidence. Aspersions were cast regarding the authenticity and accuracy of burial records and photographs presented in the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo War Crime Court</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, which were said to be fabrications by the Chinese government, artificially manipulated or incorrectly attributed to the Nanking Massacre.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">During the 1970s, Katsuichi Honda wrote a series of articles for the Asahi Shimbun on war crimes committed by Japanese soldiers during World War II (such as the Nanking Massacre). The publication of these articles triggered a vehement response from Japanese right-wingers regarding the Japanese treatment of the war crimes. In response, Shichihei Yamamoto and Akira Suzuki wrote two controversial yet influential articles which sparked the negationist movement.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Apology and condolences by the prime minister and emperor of Japan</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">See also: List of war apology statements issued by </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">August 15, 1995</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the fiftieth anniversary of the Surrender of Japan, the Japanese prime minister Tomiichi Murayama gave the first clear and formal apology for Japanese actions during the war. He apologized for </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s wrongful aggression and the great suffering that it inflicted in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. He offered his heartfelt apology to all survivors and to the relatives and friends of the victims. That day, the prime minister and the Japanese Emperor Akihito pronounced statements of mourning at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s Nippon Budokan. The emperor offered his condolences and expressed the hope that such atrocities would never be repeated. Iris Chang, author of The Rape of Nanking, criticized Murayama for not providing the written apology that had been expected. She said that the people of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> "don't believe that an... unequivocal and sincere apology has ever been made by Japan to China" and that a written apology from Japan would send a better message to the international community.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In 2007, a group of around 100 Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (LDP) lawmakers again denounced the Nanjing Massacre as a fabrication, arguing that there was no evidence to prove the allegations of mass killings by Japanese soldiers. They accused </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Beijing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> of using the alleged incident as a "political advertisement".</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Effect on international relations</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The memory of the Nanking Massacre has been a stumbling block in Sino-Japanese relations since the early 1970s. Bilateral exchanges on trade, culture and education have increased greatly since the two countries normalized their bilateral relations and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> became </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">’s most important trading partner.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Trade between the two nations is worth over $200 billion annually. Despite this, many Chinese people still have a strong sense of mistrust and animosity toward </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> that originates from the memory of Japanese war crimes such as the Nanking Massacre. This sense of mistrust is strengthened by the belief that </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> is unwilling to admit to and apologize for the atrocities.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Takashi Yoshida described how changing political concerns and perceptions of the "national interest" in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, and Western countries have shaped collective memory of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> massacre. Yoshida asserted that over time the event has acquired different meanings to different people.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Many Japanese prime ministers have visited the Yasukuni Shrine, a shrine for dead Japanese soldiers of World War II, including some war criminals of the Nanking Massacre. In 2006 former Japanese prime minister Junichiro Koizumi made a pilgrimage to the shrine despite warnings from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">South Korea</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. His decision to visit the shrine regardless sparked international outrage. Although Koizumi denied that he was trying to glorify war or historical Japanese militarism, The Chinese Foreign Ministry accused Koizumi of "wrecking the political foundations of China-Japan relations". An official from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">South Korea</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> said they would summon the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> ambassador to protest.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">As a component of national identity</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Takashi Yoshida asserts that, "</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> has figured in the attempts of all three nations [</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">] to preserve and redefine national and ethnic pride and identity, assuming different kinds of significance based on each country's changing internal and external enemies."</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Main article: Japanese history textbook controversies</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the Nanking Massacre touches upon national identity and notions of "pride, honor and shame." Yoshida argues that "Nanking crystallizes a much larger conflict over what should constitute the ideal perception of the nation: Japan, as a nation, acknowledges its past and apologizes for its wartime wrongdoings; or . . . stands firm against foreign pressures and teaches Japanese youth about the benevolent and courageous martyrs who fought a just war to save Asia from Western aggression." Recognizing the Nanking Massacre as such can be viewed in some circles in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> as "</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> bashing" (in the case of foreigners) or "self-flagellation" (in the case of Japanese).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The majority of Japanese acknowledge the atrocities committed during the Nanking Massacre. Some negationists and Japanese officials have openly denied the incident, claiming it propaganda designed to spark an anti-Japan movement. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> massacre has emerged as a fundamental keystone in the construction of the modern Chinese national identity.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">In the media</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Novels </span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Chand, Meira, A Choice of Evils (London: The Orion Publishing Company, 1996)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hayder</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Mo.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> The Devil of Nanking [First published...(</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Britain</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">: Bantam Press/Transworld Publishers, 2005)] </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (novel) Qi, Shouhua. When the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Purple</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Mountain</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Burns: A Novel. </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">San Francisco</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">: </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Long</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">River</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Press, 2005. Qi, Shouhua. </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Purple</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Mountain</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">: A Story of the Rape of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> English Chinese Bilingual Edition (2009) Qi, Shouhua. </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Purple</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Mountain</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">: A Story of the Rape of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (Paperback, 2010) West, Paul. The Tent of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Orange</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Mist (1995)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nankin Jiken Gyakusatsu no kozo by Ikuhiko Hata ISBN 4121007956, ISBN 4121907957</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Rape of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> by Iris Chang (1997) The </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre. A Japanese Journalist Confronts Japan's National Shame by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katsuichi_Honda" title="Katsuichi Honda">Katsuichi Honda</a> (1998) The Alleged "Nanking Massacre" – Japan's rebuttal to China's forged claims by Tadao Takemoto, Yasuo Ohara (2000) The Good German of Nanking – The Diaries of John Rabe edited by Erwin Wickert (1998), ISBN 0 349 11141 3</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Films</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">See also: Category:Nanking Massacre films</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Battle of China (1944) a documentary film by American director Frank Capra.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Black Sun: The Nanking Massacre (1995), by Chinese director Mou Tun Fei, recreates the events of the Nanking Massacre. Don't Cry, Nanking aka (Nanjing 1937) (1995) directed by Wu Ziniu is a historical fiction centering around a Chinese doctor, his Japanese wife, and their children, as they experience the siege, fall, and massacre of Nanking. Tokyo Trial (2006) is about the International Military Tribunal for the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Far East</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. The Children of Huang Shi (film) (2008) is inspired by the story of the English journalist George Hogg who took pictures of the Nanking Massacre, escaped death by beheading, and fled to the orphanage in Huang Shi. Nanking (2007), directed by Bill Guttentag and Dan Sturman, that makes use of letters and diaries from the era as well as archive footage and interviews with surviving victims and those involved in the massacre. The Truth about </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (2007), a documentary by Satoru Mizushima denying that any such massacre took place. City of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Life</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and Death (2009) directed by Lu Chuan, a dramatization of the Nanking Massacre. John Rabe (2009) directed by Florian Gallenberger, a Sino-German co-production about the life of John Rabe, featuring Ulrich Tukur in the title role and Steve Buscemi in a supporting role.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">War and Destiny 2007 a story about life in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> up until and during the Japanese invasion.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In December 2007, the Chinese government published the names of 13,000 people who were killed by Japanese troops in the Nanking Massacre. According to Xinhua News Agency, it is the most complete record to date. The report consists of eight volumes and was released to mark the 70th anniversary of the start of the massacre. It also lists the Japanese army units that were responsible for each of the deaths and states the way in which the victims were killed. Zhang Xianwen, editor-in-chief of the report, states that the information collected was based on "a combination of Chinese, Japanese and Western raw materials, which is objective and just and is able to stand the trial of history." This report formed part of a 55-volume series (Collection of Historical Materials of Nanjing Massacre about the massacre.</span></div>
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMuNI_3__OI/AAAAAAAAAL0/wMa9-0tge0c/s1600/Iris_chang+Bronze+statue+Memorial+hall+Nanging.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMuNI_3__OI/AAAAAAAAAL0/wMa9-0tge0c/s1600/Iris_chang+Bronze+statue+Memorial+hall+Nanging.jpg" /> </a></div>
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A bronze statue of Iris Chang at the Nanjing Massacre Memoial Hall in Nanjing</div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Taken from: Wikipedia</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_Chang">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_Chang</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris Chang<br />Born March 28, 1968(1968-03-28)<br />Princeton, New Jersey, United States<br />Died November 9, 2004 (aged 36)<br />south of Los Gatos, California, USA<br />Occupation author, journalist<br />Nationality USA<br />Period 1995–2003<br />Subjects Tsien Hsue-shen, Nanking Massacre, Chinese Americans<br />Spouse(s) Bretton Douglas<br />Children 1 Christopher </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris Shun-Ru Chang</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (simplified Chinese: Zhāng Chúnrú; </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">March 28, 1968</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> – </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">November 9, 2004</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">) was an American journalist . She is best known for her best-selling 1997 account of the Nanking Massacre, The Rape of Nanking. She committed suicide on November 9, 2004. Chang is the subject of the 2007 biographical book, Finding Iris Chang, as well as the 2007 documentary film Iris Chang: The Rape of Nanking.<br /><br /><b>Personal life</b><br /><br />The daughter of two university professors who emigrated from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Chang was born in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Princeton</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">New Jersey</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> but raised in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Champaign-Urbana</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Illinois</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, where she graduated from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Laboratory</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">High School</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in 1985.<br /><br />Chang earned a bachelor's degree in journalism at the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Illinois</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> at Urbana-Champaign in 1989, during which time she also worked as a New York Times stringer from Urbana-Champaign, and wrote six front-page articles over the course of one year. After brief stints at the Associated Press and the Chicago Tribune she pursued a master's degree in Writing Seminars at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Johns</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hopkins</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">She then embarked on her career as an author, and also lectured and wrote articles for various magazines. Chang married Bretton Lee Douglas, whom she had met in college. The couple had one son, Christopher, who was 2 years old at the time of her death. She lived in San Jose, California in the final years of her life. Chang was an atheist.<br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><br />Chang wrote three books documenting the experiences of Asians and Chinese Americans in history. Her first book, titled Thread of the Silkworm (1995),[5] tells the life story of the Chinese professor, Dr. Tsien Hsue-shen during the Red Scare in the 1950s. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Although Tsien was one of the founders of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and helped the military of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> debrief scientists from Nazi Germany for many years, he was suddenly accused of being a spy, a member of the Communist Party USA, and placed under house arrest from 1950 to 1955. Dr. Tsien Hsue-shen left for the People's Republic of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in September 1955. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Upon his return to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Tsien developed the Dongfeng missile program, and later the Silkworm missile, which would be used by the Iraqi military during its war on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iran</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and ironically against the United States-led coalitions during Gulf Wars One and Two.<br /></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Rape of </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Chang's most famous work<br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Her second book, The Rape of Nanking:The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II (1997),[6] was published on the 60th anniversary of the Nanking Massacre, and was motivated in part by her own grandparents' stories about their escape from the massacre. It allegedly documents atrocities committed against Chinese by forces of the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and includes interviews with victims. The book attracted both praise from some quarters for exposing the alleged details of the atrocity, and criticism from others because of alleged inaccuracies. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">For instance, Daqing Yang, a professor at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">George</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Washington</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, wrote that "the publication of Iris Chang's book in 1997, with its numerous factual errors, handed the conservatives [in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">] a much needed opportunity to blame the Nanking Massacre on the conspiracy of a second-generation Chinese American journalist." Professor Alvin D Coox at San Diego State University described Chang's book "As a work of history, Chang's book is flawed, as we have sought to demonstrate. If it is a politically motivated work of partisan propaganda, it is successful to a certain degree. But shouldn't Chang's compassion extend to the healing of old wounds rather than their revival?<br /><br />After publication of the book, she campaigned to persuade the Japanese government to apologize for its troops' wartime conduct and to pay compensation. The work was the first English-language full-length nonfiction account of the atrocity itself,[8] and remained on the New York Times Bestseller list for 10 weeks. Based on the book, an American documentary film, Nanking, was released in 2007.<br /><br />Her third book, The Chinese in America (2003),[9] is a history of Chinese-Americans which argued that Chinese Americans were treated as perpetual outsiders. Consistent with the style of her earlier works, the book relied heavily on personal accounts, drawing its strong emotional content from each of their stories. She wrote, "The America of today would not be the same America without the achievements of its ethnic Chinese," and that "scratch the surface of every American celebrity of Chinese heritage and you will find that, no matter how stellar their achievements, no matter how great their contribution to U.S. society, virtually all of them have had their identities questioned at one point or another.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Public notability</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><br /><br />Success as an author propelled Iris Chang into becoming a public figure. The Rape of Nanking placed her in great demand as a speaker and as an interview subject, and, more broadly, as a spokesperson for an entire viewpoint that the Japanese government had not done enough to compensate victims of their invasion of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">This became a political issue in the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> shortly after the book was published; Chang was one of the major advocates of a Congressional resolution proposed in 1997 to have the Japanese government apologize for war crimes, and met with First Lady Hillary Clinton in 1999 to discuss the issue. In one often mentioned incident (as reported by The Times of London):<br /><br />She confronted the Japanese Ambassador to the United States on television, demanded an apology and expressed her dissatisfaction with his mere acknowledgement "that really unfortunate things happened, acts of violence were committed by members of the Japanese military". </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"It is because of these types of wording and the vagueness of such expressions that Chinese people, I think, are infuriated," was her reaction.<br /><br />Chang's visibility as a public figure increased with her final work, The Chinese in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">America</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, where she argued that Chinese Americans were treated as perpetual outsiders. After her death, she became the subject of tributes from fellow writers. Mo Hayder dedicated a novel to her. Reporter Richard Rongstad eulogized her: "Iris Chang lit a flame and passed it to others and we should not allow that flame to be extinguished." In 2007, the documentary </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> was dedicated to Chang, as well as the Chinese victims of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Depression and death</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><br />Chang suffered a nervous breakdown in August 2004, which her family, friends and doctors attributed in part to constant sleep deprivation. At the time, she was several months into research for her fourth book, about the Bataan Death March, while simultaneously promoting The Chinese in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">America</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">While on route to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Harrodsburg</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Kentucky</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, where she planned to gain access to a "time capsule" of audio recordings from servicemen, she suffered an extreme bout of depression that left her unable to leave her hotel room in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Louisville</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. A local veteran who was assisting her research helped her check into </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Norton</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Psychiatric Hospital</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Louisville</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, where she was diagnosed with reactive psychosis, placed on medication for three days and then released to her parents. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">After the release from the hospital, she continued to suffer from depression and was considered at risk for developing bipolar disorder. Chang was also reportedly deeply disturbed by much of the subject matter of her research. Her work in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> left her physically weak, according to one of her co-researchers.<br /><br />On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">November 9, 2004</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> at about </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">9 a.m.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Chang was found dead in her car by a county water district employee on a rural road south of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Los Gatos</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">California</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">) and west of State Route 17, in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Santa Clara</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">County. Investigators concluded that Chang had shot herself through the mouth with a revolver. At the time of her death she had been taking the medications Depakote and Risperdal to stabilize her mood.<br /><br />It was later discovered that she had left behind three suicide notes each dated </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">November 8, 2004</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">One Statement of Iris Chang" stated:</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"><br /><br />I promise to get up and get out of the house every morning. I will stop by to visit my parents then go for a long walk. I will follow the doctor's orders for medications. I promise not to hurt myself. I promise not to visit Web sites that talk about suicide.<br /><br /><b>The next note was a draft of the third:</b><br /><br />When you believe you have a future, you think in terms of generations and years. When you do not, you live not just by the day — but by the minute. It is far better that you remember me as I was — in my heyday as a best-selling author — than the wild-eyed wreck who returned from Louisville.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Each breath is becoming difficult for me to take — the anxiety can be compared to drowning in an open sea. I know that my actions will transfer some of this pain to others, indeed those who love me the most. Please forgive me. Forgive me because I cannot forgive myself.<br /><br /><b>The third note included:</b><br /><br />There are aspects of my experience in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Louisville</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> that I will never understand. Deep down I suspect that you may have more answers about this than I do. I can never shake my belief that I was being recruited, and later persecuted, by forces more powerful than I could have imagined. Whether it was the CIA or some other organization I will never know. As long as I am alive, these forces will never stop hounding me.<br /><br />Days before I left for Louisville I had a deep foreboding about my safety. I sensed suddenly threats to my own life: an eerie feeling that I was being followed in the streets, the white van parked outside my house, damaged mail arriving at my P.O. Box. I believe my detention at Norton Hospital was the government's attempt to discredit me.<br /><br />I had considered running away, but I will never be able to escape from myself and my thoughts. I am doing this because I am too weak to withstand the years of pain and agony ahead.<br /><br />Reports said that news of her suicide hit the massacre survivor community in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> hard. In tribute to Chang, the survivors held a service at the same time as her funeral, held at the Gate of Heaven Cemetery in Cupertino, California on Friday, November 12, 2004, at the victims' memorial hall in Nanjing. In 2005, the victims memorial hall in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, which collects documents, photos, and human remains from the massacre, added a wing dedicated to Chang.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">There is a bronze statue of Iris Chang at the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall in </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></b></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMt1rqlBOoI/AAAAAAAAALk/F2TyPT7GyLQ/s1600/Iris+Chang++++.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMt1rqlBOoI/AAAAAAAAALk/F2TyPT7GyLQ/s1600/Iris+Chang++++.jpg" /></a></div>
<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Taken from</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <a href="http://articles.sfgate.com/2005-04-17/living/17370834_1_iris-chang-car-seat-driver-s-seat">http://articles.sfgate.com/2005-04-17/living/17370834_1_iris-chang-car-seat-driver-s-seat</a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Sfgate: article by Heidi Benson</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Historian Iris Chang won many battles, The war she lost raged within</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">April 17, 2005|By Heidi Benson</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On a cloudy Monday morning in early November, author Iris Chang, 36, drove her white 1999 Oldsmobile Alero down Alum Rock Avenue toward the green foothills of East San Jose. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">She passed the iron gates of Calvary Catholic Cemetery, where marble statues of winged angels, their heads bowed in prayer, mark the graves of early settlers. She passed the football field and the blocky, concrete auditorium of James Lick High School. Turning right, she pulled into the strip mall across the street from the school. She parked in front of Reed's Sport Shop, a redwood-shingled emporium that sells fishing, cycling and hunting gear. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tall and slender, with glossy black hair falling well past her shoulders, Iris emerged from her car wearing blue jeans and sneakers. She walked through the whooshing automatic doors and turned right. On the far wall, a gallery of mounted deer heads marked her destination: the hunting department. This was not her first visit. She knew where to find the glass case of Civil War era pistol replicas, classified as "relics." She knew that in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">California</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, she could purchase a relic immediately and avoid the 10-day waiting period necessary with other guns.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">At 11:56 a.m., Iris presented her driver's license and counted out $517 in cash -- she was carrying nearly $4,000 -- and left the store with an ivory-handled Ruger "Old Army" .45 replica revolver. Back in her car, she slipped the gun and owner's manual into a cardboard box labeled "Real Estate Documents" that lay on the passenger seat. That night, she had dinner with her husband of 13 years, Brett Douglas. They went to bed at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">midnight</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Before dawn, Iris awoke and got into her car. Driving west toward Santa Cruz on Highway 17, she took a turnoff 25 miles from her home and parked on a steep gravel utility road within sight of the highway. Nearby, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Bear Creek Road</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> curled up the lonesome hills, thick with black oak.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">At 9:15 a.m. Tuesday, a county water district employee drove past the Oldsmobile. He stopped and honked but there was no response. Thinking the driver must be asleep, he got out of his car and banged on the hood. He noticed condensation on the windows, peered inside and saw Iris in the driver's seat with her hands crossed in her lap. The revolver lay on her left leg. Her head rested against the window. Blood covered her clothes. In the backseat, a teddy bear was tucked into the car seat of her 2-year-old son, Christopher. The water district employee called his supervisor, who called 911. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Homicide detectives would eventually determine that Iris had loaded all six chambers of the gun, placed the barrel between her lips, and fired. The half-inch lead ball perforated her hard palate, passed through her left dural sinus, her left cerebral and occipital lobes, broke partially through her skull and came to rest without exiting her scalp. When her body was discovered, Iris Chang had been dead for two hours.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">At Reed's Sport Shop one month after her death, the spot on the top shelf of the glass-topped case where Iris' gun had lain was still vacant. "She was in on more than one occasion," said Reed's manager, Pat Kalcic, a tall outdoorsman. "She appeared to have done research." The clerk who sold her the gun told investigators Iris had said she collected antique firearms. "She got what she wanted and got out," he said. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">That such a beautiful woman would be remembered is not unusual. But Kalcic and his employees did not know how unusual Iris Chang was: a world- renowned author whose work had stirred international controversy. Neither did they know she had been bent on suicide.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On the day of Iris Chang's death, word spread quickly over news wires and the Internet. Her obituary was published in newspapers worldwide. She had gained an international reputation in 1997 when she was only 29 for writing "The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II." It was the first history of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s brutal 1937 occupation of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s capital city and documented the weeks long rampage.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Rape of Nanking" became an immediate best-seller and established her as an outspoken advocate for victims of Japanese war crimes. The debate it provoked -- between those Japanese who deny the atrocities and the Chinese who seek an official apology and reparations -- continues.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Iris scraped away the scar tissue of something that had been half forgotten and half healed over, and to this date, it's still a very raw wound, " said Orville Schell, dean of the Graduate School of Journalism at UC Berkeley. Schell reviewed her book favorably in the New York Times. "She ventured into a minefield of unexploded ordnance."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">News of her suicide brought forth a chorus of disbelief. Questions hung in the air: </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">-- How could someone with such success, surrounded by loving family and friends, take her own life? </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">-- Was she "the last victim of the Rape of Nanking," plagued and destroyed by the dark histories she illuminated? </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Did her single-minded determination, her habit of working beyond exhaustion, contribute to her death? </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Did she suffer a fatal reaction to powerful drugs that she refused to take as prescribed? </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Speculation that she may have been killed by Japanese ultranationalists continued to turn up on Web logs and Internet chat rooms. At the same time, her foes said her suicide proved that "Rape of Nanking" was nothing but lies.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Irrefutably, Iris Chang won many battles in her fight for justice. But as she began to manifest symptoms of bipolar illness, she perceived them as a failure of will. Such harsh logic, symptomatic of the disease, rendered her unable to extend her own magnificent compassion to herself. In the end, the war she could not win raged internally.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Together, Mr. and Mrs. Chang answered the door of their quiet, two-story townhouse in San Jose. It had been one week since their daughter's death. The foyer was filled with enormous bouquets sent by well-wishers. From the terrace, the view was peaceful -- broad green fields and golden poplars. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Married 41 years, the Changs are a handsome, gracious couple. Both were born in mainland China. Their families fled the 1949 Communist revolution and settled in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Taiwan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, where the two met in high school. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">They met again at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Taiwan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> -- and yet again when each won a science scholarship to Harvard in 1962. Ying-Ying is a biochemist. Her husband, Shau-Jin, is a theoretical physicist. They married in 1964, and each earned a doctorate from Harvard in 1967.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">As that November afternoon darkened into evening, the Changs sat at their Danish-modern dining room table and told stories about Iris, speaking sometimes in past tense and sometimes in present tense. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">They told of the time in grade school when Iris decided "if Dear Abby can do it -- I can do it," and she started her own advice column, writing questions and answers. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Then, in high school, Iris became determined to revive the school's literary magazine, and quickly enlisted a staff and a sponsor. Her mother said, "She was always publishing something."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Rising from his chair, her father pulled a small red leather volume from the bookshelf. "Poetry by Iris Chang" was written in neat cursive on the title page. "She's very systematic -- you see, every poem has a date on it. She just knows how to do things," he said, tenderly smoothing out a page. "This was lying in our basement. Now, it becomes our treasure." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris was a serious child, her mother recalled. "Every day she seemed to have something new. She liked to talk, so it's very fun to watch her talking," she said. "She also liked to beat the system."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Her father patted the tabletop. "Yes!" he said, grinning. "Every time we set a rule, she always tried to find some way to get around it. We always had to argue all the exceptions she could think of. It's never boring with her -- it's interesting." Slowing down, he repeated, "It's interesting." His voice slipped to a whisper. "It's been too short."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris Shun-Ru Chang was born March 28, 1968, in Princeton Hospital, on the university campus in New Jersey where her parents were doing postdoctoral work. They lived on a leafy country road named Einstein Drive. After two years at Princeton, the family moved to a Midwestern college town, Champaign-Urbana, in Illinois. "He got the job, we went," Mrs. Chang explained. Soon they were both teaching and conducting research at the University of Illinois. Their second child, Michael, was born in 1970.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Michael is very outgoing, very extroverted -- Iris is different," said Mrs. Chang. "Iris can be a loner; it doesn't bother her." She touched her fingertips to her forehead, then waved her hand to the heavens: "It's because Iris is a dreamer." Iris learned to read at age 4. At 10, she entered a young- author competition and won first place. Winning that prize led to dreams of becoming a writer, her father said.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Iris always came to us to discuss her problems," her mother said. "We are a very close family. We are lucky -- she could tell me everything she felt. She was easily hurt, though sometimes she didn't show it. I would tell her, 'You can care too much about what people say about you.' " Iris was sometimes teased for her earnestness. She wanted to be independent, to think for herself. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris and her brother went to University High -- known as Uni High -- on the campus where their parents taught. The small, academically elite school has produced many Nobel laureates.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">At 14, Iris was studying advanced math and decided to join an all-boys computer club called Submit. She easily passed the 20 exams necessary to qualify, only to be told that she must take five more. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"The boys came together to say, 'Crisis! There's a girl who wants to get into Submit,' " Mr. Chang recalled. "So they tried to make it harder and harder." Iris insisted she had already passed. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"They had a big fight," he said. "Iris thought it was an injustice. She was mad. So you see, she was really a fighter. If they had let her get into Submit, she may not have become a journalist," he added. "We should be grateful." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris met the man she would marry in 1989, when she was a sophomore in journalism at the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Illinois</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in Champaign-Urbana. Brett Douglas was a tall, low-key redhead, nearly two years her senior and an engineering graduate student when they were introduced at a Sigma Phi Delta fraternity party on campus. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Sixteen years later, and five days after her death, Brett sat in the living room of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">San Jose</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> town home they shared, surrounded by family photos. The air was still, heavy with grief. A red tricycle and a jogging stroller flanked the front door. The sound of children singing wafted in from the swimming pool nearby.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The pool, a turquoise rectangle surrounded by pines, sat at the center of the village-like complex. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Brett's father, Ken Douglas, had flown out to keep his son company. A reassuring presence, he stood at the kitchen counter, fixing a sandwich for lunch. He had only recently retired from the family farm in central </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Illinois</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> that had been in the family for five generations.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Speaking of the night they met, Brett said, "Iris was beautiful, vivacious -- and sober. She just seemed to be more driven and to have more zest for life than anyone I'd ever met. I knew immediately I wanted to spend the rest of my life with her."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">It didn't take him long to propose, but their 1989 engagement stretched out while Brett finished grad school in Urbana. Meanwhile, Iris was one of a dozen journalism undergraduates chosen for an accelerated Associated Press training program. She was assigned to the AP office in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Chicago</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Brett soon grew concerned that Iris was overextended. "Iris could write two or three stories a day, and they loved her because she wrote so fast," he said. "But she worked herself way too hard when she was there. She wore herself out." Her mother concurred: "At AP, she worked so hard she couldn't sleep. I was worried. She never did sleep very well or eat very well."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">When her internship was up, Iris was offered a permanent job at AP. She went to the Chicago Tribune instead, but didn't enjoy "politicking for assignments," Brett said. Opting for a master's degree, she was accepted by the Graduate Writing Seminar at Johns Hopkins University and moved to Baltimore in 1990. Her long-distance engagement to Brett entered its second year. By now, Brett was living in Santa Barbara, working toward a doctorate in electrical engineering at the University of California. They kept in touch every day by e-mail.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">At Johns Hopkins, Iris studied playwriting, fiction, poetry and science writing. As a teacher's assistant, she taught a class in creative writing. She wrote her thesis on "The Poetry of Science." Soon she exceeded the dreams of every student in the program by getting a book contract from a major publisher while still in school. She was 22.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Iris was a phenomenon," said one of her former teachers at Johns Hopkins, Ann Finkbeiner. In the fall of 1990, Iris took Finkbeiner's "Science Stories" course. "She talked almost obsessively. She got very, very wound up in things," Finkbeiner said. "You didn't always feel she was talking to you -- </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">it was as if she had to talk. To me, it was part of that whole intensity that made Iris able to do what she went on to do.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Barbara Culliton, now editor in chief of Genome News Network, was then director of the Johns Hopkins science writing program. Her friendship with Iris, Culliton said, "lasted from the day she walked in as a student -- in effect, to the day she died.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Culliton was sufficiently impressed by Iris' talent to recommend her to Susan Rabiner, editorial director of Basic Books, the "serious nonfiction" division of HarperCollins Publishers. It was unusual for Basic Books to consider such an untested writer. But Rabiner had been looking for someone conversant in the sciences and in Mandarin to write a biography of Hsue-Shen Tsien. Tsien was a top physicist at Cal-Tech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory who was deported during the Red scare of the 1950s. He returned to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and went on to develop its missile system.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Rabiner recalled telling Iris, " 'You're young, but take a flyer.' I didn't know if I'd hear from her again." Less than two months later, she did. Iris called to say she had found Tsien's son and had interviewed him in Mandarin. "Clearly, Iris was a strong, smart and directed young woman," Rabiner said. She helped Iris write a proposal and the project was quickly put under contract. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Iris was so excited when she got the contract for the book," Brett said, recalling how obsessively she ferreted out material. "She contacted people who'd been lost for years, dug up records that nobody ever knew existed. She wrote her 100-page book proposal in a couple of weeks." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">By now, Brett had taken a job with a </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Santa Barbara</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> engineering firm. He and Iris were married in August 1991 in Champaign-Urbana. Their mothers helped to plan the wedding. The newlyweds settled in Santa Barbara, and Iris began writing the book about Tsien. In 1992, at 24, she received a $15,000 award from the MacArthur Foundation, which helped fund the project. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The book, "Thread of the Silkworm," was published in 1995. It was well- reviewed, though it never sold in great numbers. But soon Iris would write one of the most controversial books of the decade. That book would sell half a million copies. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris Chang found the inspiration for her new book in 1994 when she came face-to-face with poster-size photographs of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> war crimes at a conference in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Cupertino</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. She was 26.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"I walked around in shock," she later wrote. "Though I had heard so much about the Nanking massacre as a child, nothing prepared me for these pictures -- stark black-and-white images of decapitated heads, bellies ripped open and nude women forced by their rapists into various pornographic poses, their faces contorted into unforgettable expressions of agony and shame. In a single blinding moment I recognized the fragility of not just life but the human experience itself.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The conference had been sponsored by the Global Alliance for Preserving the History of World War II in Asia. Iris discovered this group of Chinese American activists after she and Brett moved to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Northern California</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> when he got a job with Cisco Systems.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">After seeing the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> pictures, Iris wrote: "I was suddenly in a panic that this ... reversion in human social evolution would be reduced to a footnote of history ... unless someone forced the world to remember it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris called Rabiner. "There's a book I must do," she said. She offered to pay Basic Books to publish it. "No, no! We don't work that way," Rabiner insisted. "Tell me why you want to tell the story."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris had been haunted since childhood by the graphic stories she was told about Nanking. Her maternal grandparents had escaped just weeks before the Japanese arrived. As a youngster, Iris had sought books on the subject in her school library. But there was none. As she later told an interviewer, "I wrote 'Rape of Nanking' out of a sense of rage. I didn't really care if I made a cent from it. It was important to me that the world knew what happened in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> back in 1937." Rabiner sensed the book would be important and signed Iris to write it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Later, Iris told interviewers that, as a child, "it was hard for me to even visualize how bad it was, because the stories seemed almost mythical -- people being chopped into pieces, the Yangtze River running red with blood. It was very painful for me to think about, even then.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">While writing the book, Iris found it "almost impossible to separate myself from the tragedy," she said. "The stress of writing this book and living with this horror on a daily basis caused my weight to plummet," she said. "I had to write it, if it was the last thing I ever did in my life.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On her trip to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, she met with survivors from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. "Every single survivor I met was desperately anxious to tell his or her story," she later said. "I spent several hours with each one, getting the details of their experiences on videotape. Some became overwrought with emotion during the interviews and broke down into tears. But all of them wanted the opportunity to talk about the massacre before their deaths.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Seeing how the survivors lived was as harrowing as hearing their stories. Iris was "shocked and depressed" to see their living conditions in Nanking. "Most lived in dark, squalid apartments cluttered with the debris of poverty and heavy with mildew and humidity," she wrote. "During the massacre some had received physical injuries so severe they had been prevented from making a decent living for decades. Most lived in poverty so crushing that even a minimal amount of financial compensation from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> could have greatly improved the conditions of their lives.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">During two years of research, Iris made significant historical discoveries. She found the diaries of a pair of Westerners who were among the heroes of Nanking. The first was John Rabe, a German member of the Nazi party who was living in the Chinese capital in 1937. He established an International Safety Zone in Nanking before the Japanese soldiers arrived from Shanghai. Iris dubbed him the "Oskar Schindler of Nanking." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The other diarist -- the "Anne Frank of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">" -- was an </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Illinois</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> woman named Minnie Vautrin. (In the book, Iris noted that Vautrin had graduated with honors from her own alma mater, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.) In 1937, Vautrin was a missionary and teacher at the Nanking Women's College when its campus became part of the Safety Zone. She harbored hundreds of Chinese women and children there during the occupation. But there were untold numbers of women she could not save from capture, torture or death at the hands of Japanese soldiers. Haunted by the belief that she had failed, Vautrin suffered a breakdown in 1940. While on the ship home, she tried repeatedly to leap overboard. Back in Illinois one year later, she committed suicide. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Civilization is tissue thin," Iris wrote. She called this the most important lesson to be learned from the tragedy of Nanking. And she believed her research produced irrevocable proof of Japanese atrocities. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">She wrote: </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"After reading several file cabinets' worth of documents on Japanese war crimes as well as accounts of ancient atrocities from the pantheon of world history, I would have to conclude that Japan's behavior during World War II was less a product of dangerous people than of a dangerous government, in a vulnerable culture, in dangerous times, able to sell dangerous rationalizations to those whose human instincts told them otherwise.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The book hit the stores at Christmas, a tough selling season for serious nonfiction. It became a surprise best-seller. A groundswell of interest in the Chinese American community had quickly spread to booksellers and the broader reading public. Newsweek ran an excerpt, and soon Iris was a familiar face on TV news shows. Reader's Digest devoted a cover story to her.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"We weren't really prepared for the success of the book," Brett said. "Iris wasn't prepared and her publisher wasn't prepared. I don't know how many printings it went through. They just kept saying, 'We'll print another 10,000, we'll print another 10,000.' Rabiner said Iris "found her voice" in promoting "Rape of Nanking." "She had so many bookings, she could easily be on the road for 2 1/2 weeks before coming back home. She came alive before crowds -- she loved to share, and she was interested in other people's lives. That's why she was such a powerful role model for so many Chinese Americans. She was committed to her cause, and she radiated life."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">At the same time, torrents of hate mail came in, Brett said. "Iris is sensitive, but she got charged up," he recalled. "When anybody questioned the validity of what she wrote, she would respond with overwhelming evidence to back it up. She's very much a perfectionist. It was hard for her not to react every single time."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Most of the attacks came from Japanese ultranationalists. "We saw cartoons where she was portrayed as this woman with a great big mouth," Brett said. "She got used to the fact that there is a Web site called 'Iris Chang and Her Lies.' She would just laugh."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">But friends say Iris began to voice concerns for her safety. She believed her phone was tapped. She described finding threatening notes on her car. She said she was confronted by a man who said, "You will NOT continue writing this. " She used a post office box, never her home address, for mail.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"There are a fair number of people who don't take kindly to what she wrote in 'The Rape of Nanking,' " Brett said, "so she's always been very, very private about our family life."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The book's popularity meant a lengthy book tour. "Over a year and a half, she visited 65 cities," Brett said. "Most authors are worn out after five or six cities." He could see the travel was taking a toll on her. In 1998, Brett recalled, "for her 30th birthday, we went out to a little resort near </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Santa Cruz</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and she literally didn't want to leave the room."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Somehow, she always bounced back, energized by her role as spokesperson for a movement. Among her many television appearances was a memorable evening on "Nightline," where she was the only Asian and the only woman among a panel of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> experts. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"To see her on TV, defending 'Rape of Nanking' so fiercely and so fearlessly -- I just sat down, stopped, in awe," said Helen Zia, author of "Asian-American Dreams: Emergence of an American People" and co-author, with Wen-Ho Lee, of "My Country Versus Me: The First-Hand Account by the Los Alamos Scientist Who Was Falsely Accused."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Iris truly had no fear. You could see it in the steadiness of her voice and in her persistence," Zia recalled. "She would just say, matter-of-factly, '</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> is lying and here's why.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Later, Iris challenged the Japanese ambassador to a debate on the "MacNeil-Lehrer NewsHour" on PBS. After the ambassador spoke of events in Nanking, Iris turned to the moderator and said: "I didn't hear an apology." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Chinese Americans grew up hearing about this forgotten holocaust," said Zia, whose grandmother was killed in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. "It was family lore." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">When Zia and Iris met for the first time, they planned a quick lunch. But lunch lasted through dinner. "We sat down and started talking, and we had a lot to say. For Asian Americans to write nonfiction about Asia or Asian America was relatively new. Maxine Hong Kingston and Amy Tan really blew the doors open for fiction writers. But for us to be able to write nonfiction, the stories of our lives -- on a lot of levels, it was revolutionary </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Despite support from esteemed historians and journalists, including Stephen Ambrose and George Will, some judged Iris' version of history too subjective. "This was something of a roots venture for her -- to reconnect with the country that her family had drifted off from," said UC Berkeley's Schell. "And she brought an incredible reserve of emotion to it. Iris was first and foremost an advocate. She was an able journalist, but she allowed herself to become deeply involved emotionally in her subjects, which gave her accessibility. But some scholars felt that she was a little too involved with her subject matter."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Rabiner, who later became an agent and represented Iris, said, "The book was beyond well reviewed -- it was a mega-best-seller that continues to sell. It showed that at times history has to be written by a member of the community, out of a passion the author shares with the community. It caused an international scandal because the Japanese to this day have not conceded the extent of the wartime atrocities perpetrated against the Chinese and others. It also showed publishing houses that there is a market for books about the Chinese experience."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The book rocketed Iris into the pantheon of American intellectuals. In 1998, she and Brett were invited to attend Renaissance Weekend -- the meeting-of-the-minds seminar held each New Year's weekend in South Carolina. "Iris was much in demand and gave many talks," Brett recalled, adding with a laugh, "she was schmoozing the whole time." There, Iris had lengthy conversations with then-President Bill </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Clinton</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and gave him a signed copy of "The Rape of Nanking.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">But when Brett and Iris were invited back the next year, the young couple took a different tack. They attended lectures but Iris gave fewer talks; she was still recovering from the book tour. Meanwhile, they decided they had put their plans for a family on hold long enough.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"When we first got married, we said we were going to start trying to have a child after four years," Brett said. "And then we stretched it to six, and then 'The Rape of Nanking' hit the best-seller list and she was out promoting it for almost two years. By the time that was done, it was already eight years. So we finally started trying, and then we had our son in 2002.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Christopher was born Aug. 31 that year. He was a happy baby, with his mother's jet-black hair. "We wondered what we did with all of our time before we had a son," Brett said, "because of the amount of time that a little one involves. What made it much easier is that we did have a wonderful nanny to help." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">They had moved from a small apartment in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Sunnyvale</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">San Jose</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> town home. "We bought this house when we knew he was on the way. There are so many kids his age here.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris' parents retired in early 2001, and after Christopher was born, they moved from Illinois and into a home in the same complex. Her mother hoped Iris would take on a lighter topic for her next book, especially with a baby in the house. The </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> book had "made Iris sad."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris took her advice, though the book she began was enormously ambitious. "The Chinese in America: A Narrative History" was published by Viking in 2003. Iris told her mother that working on it was a vacation after "Rape of Nanking. " </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">But soon she found herself drawn to a subject just as dark. Iris Chang rang the doorbell on Ed Martel's front porch in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Kenosha</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Wis.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Dec. 4, 2003</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. It's a date he won't forget. "She sat down and cross-examined me like a district attorney for five solid hours," said Martel, 86, one of the last remaining survivors of the Bataan Death March of World War II. His daughter, Maddy, remembered the day well, too. "We set out a very big lunch -- meat trays and sandwiches and desserts," she said. "My dad was so excited that she was doing this, and so honored."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Months earlier, Iris had seized on a letter in her "book ideas" file about a Midwestern pocket of Bataan survivors, all members of two tank battalions. "They drop so fast," the letter had read. The correspondent was Sgt. Anthony Meldahl, a supply sergeant with the Ohio National Guard who had admired Iris' work. Meldahl was now urging Iris to join his oral-history project. She did, and, starting in November 2003, would make four trips to meet with Bataan vets -- in Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio and Kentucky. Each time, Iris swept into town and conducted four or five intensive interviews in as many days. "She was like a battalion commander," Meldahl said. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"It's amazing when you watch Iris do research," Brett said. "She would go into a town -- and with Tony Meldahl's help, it was even better. She would have a team of three vets and their children and their wives. Iris would be interviewing them, somebody else would be filming them, somebody else would be photocopying records, and somebody would be sending documents down to UPS. And Iris would buy lunch and dinner for everybody, and they all thought it was great </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"These people wanted their story told for a long, long time, and they knew that because Iris had success as an author, she'd be able to do a very good job," Brett said.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Ed Martel's story began on Dec. 7, 1941. Pearl Harbor was still smoldering when Japanese planes bombed the Philippines' Bataan Peninsula, where Martel was stationed with a National Guard tank battalion. With few rations, little ammunition and no reinforcements, 70,000 American and Filipino troops held off the Japanese for months.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">When the American general surrendered on April 9, the Japanese forced the troops to walk 65 miles through sweltering jungle. Some 8,000 died on the notorious "death march." Those who survived spent the rest of the war in a bleak prison camp; some were shipped to Japan as slave laborers. Once the Allies won the war, the story was forgotten. It had been the largest U.S. Army surrender in history.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"It's baffling to me that the U.S. today has so little knowledge of the four months we held out," Martel told The Chronicle by telephone from his home in Wisconsin. "We marvel at how </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">America</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> turned their backs on us." Martel was slightly hard of hearing, but his memory was crisp. He recalled telling Iris about the worst of his Bataan experiences. "Iris asked me to tell about atrocities," he said. "Twice I broke down and had to leave the room."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">After he and his fellow soldiers had been starved and beaten for months, a Japanese guard knocked him to the ground, piercing his chest with his bayonet. Martel cried, "You son of a bitch! Just do it!" His daughter recalled that in telling Iris this story, he got terribly worked up. "Why did he have to toy with me like that?" he cried. It was as if he were back in Bataan. But just in time, Iris changed the subject, prompting him to tell a lighter story.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Did you really look like Charlie Chaplin?" asked Iris, knowing Martel had been saved from near starvation by the brushy mustache he wore. The mustache reminded his Japanese captors of "The Little Tramp." So, in return for performing a short, Chaplinesque shuffle, he would be rewarded with a handful of scallions.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Iris was very loving," Martel's daughter said. "Talking to her, you felt like she was one of the family." After the interview, they kept up an active correspondence. Iris sent the Martels photographs from her trip, cards for Chinese New Year and updates on her Bataan project. One picture she sent showed Iris hugging Martel and his wife. He framed it and hung it on a wall in his home. Next to it, now, is a copy of Iris' obituary. When Martel read in a newspaper about her death, he asked his daughter, "Is that our Iris?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris connected so well with these veterans because each of their stories mattered to her. She didn't just ask what had happened, she asked what they had felt. Theirs was not just a story of war, but of boys becoming men, she said in a transcription of one of her many taped interviews. "It boggles the imagination, what you went through," she said. "You'll have to forgive me, but I find myself often deeply affected by these stories.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Between trips to the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Midwest</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Iris conducted yet another book tour. In early 2004, she traveled to promote the paperback version of "The Chinese in America." Brett said, "It was, I think, 21 cities in 28 days. And that really took its toll on her, too. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Her last </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Bataan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> trip was scheduled for July 2004. She planned to visit Harrodsburg, Ky., where several survivors lived and where an old Bataan-era tank stood sentry in the town square. She hoped to gain access to a time capsule of audiotapes that was sealed within that tank after the war.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Getting ready for the trip, Iris went into overdrive. "In the past, when Iris was working on something, she might work for 48 hours straight and then she would crash for 20 hours, and then she'd be back up, working again," Brett said. "But this time, I had assumed she was sleeping all day after working all night. But it turned out she wasn't sleeping during the day either. She was trying to be a top-notch mother and she was also trying to prepare for her trip.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The nanny was the only person aware that Iris had been up for three days with no sleep. But the nanny spoke only Mandarin. Later, Brett learned that the nanny had urged Iris to cancel the trip. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Iris was really good at putting her best face forward, even when she was totally exhausted, so I didn't really perceive that there was a real problem," Brett said. "We had our lives so structured. Either she was watching Christopher or I was watching Christopher, or she was working or I was working. We didn't see each other as much as we did in the past.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">He added, sadly, "I think if we had, I would have noticed earlier that things were going wrong." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Normally, Iris never did interviews alone. She preferred to meet someone in each town who could introduce her to the veterans and their families. For the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Wisconsin</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> trip, she had hooked up with people from the Bataan Commemorative Research Project, a historical archive and Web site created by faculty and students at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Proviso</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">East</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">High School</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Maywood</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Ill</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"World War II hit the town of Maywood really hard," said Ian Smith, chair of the school's history department. "This high school alone lost 200 students -- 28 were with the Bataan company." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Smith had been Iris' liaison in Wisconsin; another Proviso High teacher was to be her guide in Kentucky. But just before Iris left for Kentucky -- the last week of July 2004 -- a family emergency forced the teacher to cancel. Iris would be working solo. Her parents saw her off that morning. "She was very tired," her mother said. "She should not have gone."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">By the time her plane landed in Louisville, she was overwhelmed by exhaustion and anxiety. She got from the airport to the hotel, but that was all she could do. Iris collapsed in bed. Soon she managed to call her mother.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"I knew Iris was not right," her mother said. "She couldn't eat or drink. She was very depressed." She asked if Iris had any friends there she could call for help. One of the veterans -- a colonel she had planned to meet in Louisville -- came to the hotel. Smith said the colonel spent only a short time with her. "She was afraid of him when he showed up," Smith said. "But he spoke to her mother on the phone and told Iris, 'Your mom is on the phone, so it's OK.'</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">That afternoon, she checked herself in to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Norton</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Psychiatric Hospital</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Louisville</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, with help from the colonel. Through a third party, the colonel declined to be interviewed. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"First they gave her an antipsychotic, to stabilize her," her mother said. "For three days they gave her medication, the first time in her life." (The family would not name specific drugs.) </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In three days, her parents came to take her home. Doctors at Norton Hospital had diagnosed "brief reactive psychosis," her father said. This could be a one-time event or it could signal the onset of bipolar disorder, the doctors told them.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, is a mood disorder that affects one in every 70 people. The cycle of mood shifts that distinguish the disease -- from manic highs to depressive lows -- differs with every sufferer. Without treatment, the condition worsens over time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Though Iris had previously suffered what her parents called "down" periods after bouts of intense exertion, the lows were never as extreme as what befell her in Kentucky. "She had never seen anyone for depression or anything before," her mother said.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">They brought her home, and at first Iris responded well to rest and treatment. "But gradually, she became very depressed," said her father, adding that her doctor in California prescribed an additional medication, an antidepressant. "But Iris herself did not believe she was sick." And she was determined not to be hospitalized again.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"She didn't like the idea that she was taking medicine," her father said. "Iris was impatient. First she thought it would be a couple of weeks" before she improved, "but we tried to convince her that it would be several months, because that is what the doctors said.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Her mother added, "She was in therapy all the time, but it didn't help, and she took the medicine on and off. The medicine made her feel sluggish. So she took a little bit and then she stopped -- and it shouldn't be stopped like that.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris had convinced her doctor to reduce her dosage. "She's very strong- willed," her mother said. "The doctors wanted her to continue in therapy, so sometimes they would go along with her.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Between August and November, Iris saw two different therapists before finding one who seemed a good fit. But, her father said, "In spite of many sessions, Iris did not tell the therapist her deepest thoughts. He was misled by Iris. He thought Iris was improving.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Brett said Iris was anxious to get back to work. "She was so driven," Brett said, "she just wouldn't take time off." But that meant diving back into her Bataan Death March research. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Those close to Iris had always seen her ups and downs as part of the natural cycle of a brilliant person with intense drive, passionate commitment and a capacity for hard work. These were considered her finest traits. Now, the family rushed to learn everything they could about her illness. Brett devised a "20-Point Plan to Make Iris Well," listing such remedies as going to the beach; calling friends; eating well (on her desk, she kept a book titled "How Food Affects Your Mood" next to her Franklin Planner); and getting exercise. Brett set up a home gym in the basement and coached her through hourlong workouts with hand weights. Still, the depression failed to lift </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">She was seeing a therapist two to three times a week, Brett said, but fought against having family members participate. "Iris was a very strong person, even when she was depressed," said Brett. "She didn't like other people taking control, so she resisted" his attending any of her therapy sessions. "There were up and down periods," he said. "There was a time earlier, in September, when we were worried, but she seemed to come out of that.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Their son, who had turned 2 years old in August, became aware of a change. "Christopher sensed that something was going wrong with Iris," Brett said. "He could tell that she was a lot different after she came back from Louisville. It was obvious she wasn't the same person that she was before," he said. "When Iris' condition got really bad, we sent him to stay with my parents in Illinois. We called him every day, sometimes two or three times a day." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Rabiner became worried, too. "Iris told me now was not the time to go on with the Bataan project. I told her, 'Take a break.' You're not on a moving train. You have a young kid. Let go, We all said, 'Take a break.' </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">One of Iris' best friends, Barbara Masin, came up from Santa Barbara for a long weekend visit. "I urged her to talk with someone -- either Brett, or me, or someone. She finally agreed that she would talk to me. I was there for three days and we talked. For her, it was a relief," said Masin.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"We went out and did really long hikes, and it seemed to help. At the end of the three days, I was making silly little jokes and she was laughing. We arranged for her to come down and stay with me soon," she said. "But as I was leaving, she got apathetic again.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Three days before Iris' death, Brett dreamed up a special weekend, just for her. On Saturday night they went to dinner at Fresh Choice and out to the movies. "We went to see 'Ray,' " Brett said. "I thought it would be inspirational. And she loved it. She hadn't ever heard much of Ray Charles' music before, and when we got home, she went upstairs and was browsing all kinds of information on Ray Charles on the Internet.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Sunday morning, they drove to Santa Cruz for lunch on the pier, then went to her favorite spa, Chaminade -- a 300-acre mission-style resort, surrounded by redwoods and eucalyptus, in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Iris got a massage. "Then we came home, and that was our last weekend together," he said, fighting back tears.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">After leaving Reed's Sport Shop at noon on Monday, Nov. 8, Iris tried to load the revolver she had just purchased. But the gun jammed. Such "black powder" firearms, popular with Civil War re-enactors, require skill to load and fire. The lead balls must be individually prepared, packed with gunpowder and topped with a percussive cap.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">According to the police report, Iris phoned a local gunsmith, an antique firearms specialist who did business from his home. She told him she had an old revolver that was unsafe to shoot. They made an appointment. At 12:40 p.m., she stopped for lunch at FujiSan Sushi in Milpitas Square. The manager knew her as a customer and an author -- Iris and Brett ate there often. But this time, "she appeared unhappy," the manager told investigators. Iris ate quickly, asked for green tea to go and charged $15.11 to her credit card.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris arrived at the gunsmith's at about 2 p.m., carrying a Reed's Sport Shop Bag. The gunsmith told police he had spotted a can of gunpowder in the bag. This kind of "black powder" is unstable and unsafe indoors, so he insisted she first take the can outside. She told him she had not asked for instructions when she bought the gun. He showed her how to load the gun and tried to give her basic safety and handling instructions. Later, he would tell police that she "seemed distracted or aloof.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hoping to practice shooting, she asked the gunsmith to go with her to a nearby indoor firing range. He explained that the gunpowder she had was unsafe to use indoors. She promised to buy less volatile powder. They made an appointment to meet Wednesday at the firing range. She paid the gunsmith $10. They had spent one hour together. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">After dinner Monday night, Iris returned a call to her agent. "We spoke for two hours, from 8:30 to 10:30 p.m.," Rabiner said. "I'd left a message -- I actually had business to talk about. A book packager wanted to publish a children's version of 'The Chinese in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">America</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.' </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Much of the conversation was upbeat. Other parts were not. She asked me if I was religious -- I said I wasn't, not at all. In a funny kind of way, she was resolute, she was calm. She had been sad for several months, but she didn't seem in an acute phase. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Rabiner invited Iris to spend a week or so at her home in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Westchester County</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">N.Y.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> "I figured we'd take a week off and just relax, walk the woods up here. I thought it would break the spell, break the hold of these emotions. I told her that I wanted her to call me the next night and every night after that until she worked out the details. I got off the phone confused and concerned, but I was too unsophisticated about psychological problems to realize that she was saying goodbye to me.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">That night, Iris and Brett followed their routine and went to sleep around midnight. "But I woke up at 2 a.m. and she was pacing the hallway," Brett said. "Iris wanted to talk, and I said, 'You should go to bed, it's 2 in the morning.' She went back to bed. Then she got back up again. I said, 'You need to go to bed.' So she went back to bed and I watched her until she fell asleep.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Waking at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">5 a.m.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Brett saw Iris was gone. So was her car. He went to her desk in her upstairs office and found a note next to the computer. He immediately called the police.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Ultimately, three notes were found, all dated Monday, Nov. 8, 2004. The first was short, titled "Statement of Iris Chang." It read: "I promise to get up and get out of the house every morning. I will stop by to visit my parents then go for a long walk. I will follow the doctor's orders for medications. I promise not to hurt myself. I promise not to visit Web sites that talk about suicide.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Then she wrote a suicide note -- addressed to her parents, Brett and her brother -- followed by a lengthy revision. The first draft said: "When you believe you have a future, you think in terms of generations and years. When you do not, you live not just by the day -- but by the minute. It is far better that you remember me as I was -- in my heyday as a best-selling author -- than the wild-eyed wreck who returned from Louisville . . . . Each breath is becoming difficult for me to take -- the anxiety can be compared to drowning in an open sea. I know that my actions will transfer some of this pain to others, indeed those who love me the most. Please forgive me. Forgive me because I cannot forgive myself.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In the final version, she added: "There are aspects of my experience in Louisville that I will never understand. Deep down I suspect that you may have more answers about this than I do. I can never shake my belief that I was being recruited, and later persecuted, by forces more powerful than I could have imagined. Whether it was the CIA or some other organization I will never know. As long as I am alive, these forces will never stop hounding me. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Days before I left for </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Louisville</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> I had a deep foreboding about my safety. I sensed suddenly threats to my own life: an eerie feeling that I was being followed in the streets, the white van parked outside my house, damaged mail arriving at my P.O. Box. I believe my detention at </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Norton</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hospital</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> was the government's attempt to discredit me.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"I had considered running away, but I will never be able to escape from myself and my thoughts. I am doing this because I am too weak to withstand the years of pain and agony ahead.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">After Iris Chang's Oldsmobile was found off Highway 17 on Tuesday morning, Nov. 9, the California Highway Patrol was called to the scene. The Highway Patrol then called the Santa Clara Sheriff's homicide unit and detective Sgt. Dean Baker, a 33-year veteran, took over the investigation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"There is an aspect of paranoia in the majority of suicides," Baker said. "A lot of people -- depending on how disturbed they are -- feel that people are plotting against them." And often, he added, "people think they've wronged everybody and can't possibly do anything to make up for what they think they've done wrong. Generally, there's an apology.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">After studying the final results of the Santa Clara Country medical examiner's report, Baker closed his investigation March 1, 2005. The coroner's report, dated </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Dec. 23, 2004</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, stated: "Based on the medical investigator's report and the autopsy findings, Iris Chang, a 36-year-old Asian female, died from a self-inflicted intra-oral gunshot wound.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Baker explained his conclusion: "There's no evidence that any kind of conspiracy caused her death. We've seen a lot of suicides. We've seen staged suicides and we've seen homicides. I have no evidence of foul play. Everything points to suicide." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The number of calls to Asian Community Mental Health Services spiked in the days after Iris Chang's death. Most of the calls were from women, said Betty Hong, executive director of the Oakland clinic. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Depression is a silent epidemic among Asian Americans because we tend not to seek help soon enough," Hong said. "It's a double-edged sword. There's a stigma within the culture about accessing care, because then people will think there is something wrong with you and your family. And then there's the issue of the model minority. Asians were the first immigrant community that 'made it,' and we should all be doctors and lawyers." That is, successful and invulnerable </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Stress does not cause mental illness, but it can worsen the symptoms, doctors say. Iris pushed herself "to be the best possible mother and the best possible writer," Brett said. This put her under enormous stress. On top of that, she wasn't sleeping.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"A lack of sleep is one of the hallmark symptoms of mania," Dr. Kay Redfield Jamison, author of "Night Falls Fast: Understanding Suicide," told The Chronicle. "Typically, people start losing sleep, then stay up later and later each night. It has a terrible reverberating effect. The lack of sleep can exacerbate the illness and vice versa.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Rabiner believes that neither the subject matter of her work nor the intensity of her work habits precipitated Iris' manic-depressive symptoms. "Iris was suffering from clinical depression," she said, "and it deepened rapidly over a period of about three months. People tend to think that clinical depression is like a bad-hair day. It's a disease. If she had a brain tumor, people would better understand.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Along with fear for her safety, Iris' illness generated feelings of self- blame. In her goodbye note, Iris described her guilt about having allowed her son, Christopher, to be vaccinated before the age of 2. She feared these vaccinations may have caused him to become autistic. But today Christopher is healthy. Family members say he shows no signs of autism.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">When Brett woke to find Iris gone early Monday morning, he called San Jose police, reporting that she was missing, on medication and a suicide risk. The Police Department drafted a missing person's report. The report stated that Iris had been taking two medications: the mood stabilizer Depakote, an anticonvulsant similar to lithium; and a smaller dosage of Risperdal, an antipsychotic drug commonly used to control mania, which is also thought to reduce suicide risk. Sluggishness is a common side effect of Depakote, because it subdues the manic phase of bipolar disorder by depressing the central nervous system.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Iris' reluctance to take medication may indicate the difficulty she had accepting her illness as an illness. "For anybody who experiences mental illness for the first time, it's very hard to accept that it is your biology that is making it happen. It's very hard to believe that there is something wrong with your mind," said Dr. David Lo, director of Santa Cruz Mental Health Services and former director of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Chinatown</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Mental</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Health</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Center</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">San Francisco</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Families, too, have trouble coping. "There is no way that a family member could sort out all the details, let alone their own feelings, because they're connected to the person," Dr. Lo explained. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"The onus is on us, as Western medical professionals, to be aware of cultural influences -- and to be proactive in educating family members and the patient when there is a first encounter with mental illness," he said. "It is a scary, dangerous and terrifyingly confusing time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">As Iris' good friend Barbara Masin said, "Those who are close to her did everything that they possibly could have done. There is always free will. I believe that Iris was very strong-willed and whatever she wanted to do, she would do.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Brett voiced a similar conclusion. "When somebody like Iris makes up their mind that they're going to commit suicide, they're going to do it. She was too strong-willed not to.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">A poster-size photograph of Iris, lit by candlelight, stood vigil on the lawn of Spangler Mortuary in Los Altos in the early evening of Nov. 18. It was a Thursday, nine days after her death.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In the picture, Iris was standing, her head bowed in prayer like a saint or an angel. In the month after her death, the image would be the central icon at each of three Bay Area memorials.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">At the first memorial -- that evening's "visitation" -- friends signed the guest book and offered condolences to the family. They approached the open casket, where they stopped, gazed at her for a final time and bowed three times, in Chinese custom. Beautiful as always, she was dressed in an indigo blue suit, identical in color and hue to the dress in the photograph. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The next morning, Friday, Nov. 19, dawned cold, clear and sunny. At the Gate of Heaven Catholic Cemetery in Los Altos Hills, the photograph stood on an easel before the chapel. Hundreds gathered for the memorial service and burial. After eloquent eulogies by family and friends, a tribute written by </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">U. S.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Rep. Michael Honda was recited, which he had read into the Congressional Record earlier that week:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"Her fierce pride of her Chinese American heritage empowered others with the certainty that they were truly Americans ... Our community has lost a role model and close friend; the world has lost one of its finest and most passionate advocates of social and historical justice </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Gate of Heaven was well named. Open sky surrounds broad, rolling lawns at the crest of a hill. Iris Chang's grave faces west toward wooded hillsides painted with November's glorious reds and yellows, colors of consolation before winter's starkness. As the coffin was lowered into the ground, the black-clad tribe of mourners formed a line. One by one, each dropped a single purple iris or one red rose into the grave, saying, "Goodbye, Iris.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">One month later, on Saturday, Dec. 11, the same elegant photograph of Iris was displayed at a memorial honoring her on the 67th anniversary of the invasion of Nanking. As a duo played traditional Chinese music, a group of nearly 100 gathered at the Millbrae headquarters of the Chinese-language daily the World Journal. The event was organized by Global Alliance and the Rape of Nanking Redress Coalition. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">One speaker called Iris "a hero for those muffled by injustice." Another said: "Let us thank her parents. They are the ones who brought her up." Between eulogies, a guitarist played "Let It Be." Then, a larger-than-life video image of Iris appeared on a wide-screen monitor: She was speaking as an expert witness in a mock grand jury trial of Emperor Hirohito, filmed at the 2003 Youth Conference at San Francisco City College, which the Nanking Redress Coalition sponsored. Finally, the group stood to sing a halting but heartfelt rendition of "Amazing Grace.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">To soothe the pain of her loss, it would be tempting to seek a single, simple explanation for the suicide of Iris Chang. Though troubling to realize, those things that protect us most -- faith, family, health, financial stability -- are often powerless against mental illness.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">"People who are in great treatment, who have all the love and support in the world, can still commit suicide," Jamison, author of "Understanding Suicide," has said. "Sometimes, people can be both mentally ill and highly disciplined, highly structured, highly productive members of society, whether you're talking about science or business or the arts. It happens every day of the week, and people just don't know it because people don't talk about it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Every suicide is the tragic terminus of a tangle of roads, a route unique as a thumbprint. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The fundamental question about suicide, as Howard I. Kushner wrote in "Self-Destruction in the Promised Land," is this: "Why, when faced with a similar set of circumstances -- whether cultural, psychological or biological -- does one person commit suicide while another does not?" </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">No one knows the answer. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>></span></div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMuJGnoVQ9I/AAAAAAAAALs/Cn3GKp1uInY/s1600/Iris_Chang_.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMuJGnoVQ9I/AAAAAAAAALs/Cn3GKp1uInY/s320/Iris_Chang_.jpg" width="205" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Basic Facts on the </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre and the </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> War Crimes Trial</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.cnd.org/njmassacre/nj.html">http://www.cnd.org/njmassacre/nj.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The document is based on the pamphlet by New Jersey Hong Kong Network. HTML version adapted by Ming-Hui Yao . Original ascii file and Postscript file may be retrieved from ftp.cnd.org by ftp. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">This document is prepared in the spirit of freedom of information. Reproduction and circulation are welcome and encouraged. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Original publisher:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">New Jersey</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Hong Kong Network</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">P.O. Box</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 18</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Bound Brooks</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">NJ</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">08805</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2092271577115373238&postID=6240207235368624426" name="TOC"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">TABLE OF CONTENT</span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre -- The Japanaese Versions </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> War Crimes Trial </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Summary of the Verdict and Sentence </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Summary of Convicted Class A War Criminals </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Chronology of the Japanese Invasion of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1894-1945 </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2092271577115373238&postID=6240207235368624426" name="FWD"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">FOREWORD</span></b></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">It has almost been three years since the first edition of this pamphlet was printed in 1991. During this time, the pamphlet has frequently been requested by various organizations in the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and around the world. As the first print of the pamphlet is running out and requests of the pamphlet continue to come in, we decide to print the pamphlet for the second time. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In this new edition of the pamphlet, while the material remains the same, a few errors in the last edition have been corrected. We hope that this pamphlet continues to serve as a vehicle for people to learn about this "Forgotten Holocaust." </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">New Jersey</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Hong Kong Network </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">September 1993 </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">FOREWORD TO THE FIRST EDITION</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Japanese invasion of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> immediately before and during World War II lasted from the early 1930's to 1945. During this dark period in modern Asian history, the Japanese military machine was motivated by an uncontrollable desire for aggression, expansion and imperialism. The brutalities and atrocities committed by the Japanese military in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and elsewhere in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> finally ended with destruction on Japanese soil -- the atomic bombing of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hiroshima</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nagasaki</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in August, 1945. The victims of the Japanese militarists' aggression included the innocent and peace-loving peoples of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Korea</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Philippines</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, other south east Asian countries, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> herself.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In the past forty-five years, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and other countries have allowed the Japanese war crimes to be forgotten. In fact, the only constant reminders of the victims of World War II in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> were the events commemorating the Japanese who were killed by the atomic bomb dropped by the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. The young generations, Chinese and Japanese alike, are not kept informed about the consequences of imperialist militarism.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">During this time, the Japanese Ministry of Education distorted the facts of World War II in their history textbooks, the government glorified convicted Class A war criminals as national heroes, and high ranking Japanese officials publicly denied the occurrence of the Nanking Massacre, one of the most infamous atrocities committed by the Japanese armies in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">This pamphlet is an attempt to raise awareness on an issue -- the history behind the bombing of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hiroshima</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> -- where proper attention is long overdue. Although this pamphlet is far from an exhaustive research on the subject, we hope to provide the readers with some basic information on a few pertinent topics:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The constant reminders of the atrocities of Germany's Nazi regime is now recognized as a major preventive measure against the revival of Nazism in Germany, and the annual commemoration of the victims of Hiroshima provides a strong basis for the resistance to the dangerous escalation of nuclear weapons. By preparing this pamphlet, we hope to help initiate a long term movement to bring attention to the war crimes committed by the Japanese militarists during World War II, and, by doing so, to unite with peace-loving people of all nationalities to prevent the resurgence of militarism anywhere in the world. December, 1990 </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2092271577115373238&postID=6240207235368624426" name="NJM"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">THE </span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">NANKING</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> MASSACRE</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In 1928, the Chinese Nationalist Government moved the capital of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Peking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. The city normally held about 250,000 people, but by the mid-1930's its population had swollen to more than 1 million. Many of them were refugees, fleeing from the Japanese armies which had invaded </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> since 1931. On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">November 11, 1937</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, after securing control of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Shanghai</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the Japanese army advanced towards </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> from different directions. In early December, the Japanese troops were already in the proximity of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On December 9, after unsuccessfully demanding the defending Chinese troops in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to surrender, the Japanese troops launched a massive attack upon the city. On the 12th, the defending Chinese troops decided to retreat to the other side of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Yangtze River</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. On the 13th of December, the 6th and the 116th Divisions of the Japanese Army first entered the city. At the same time, the 9th Division entered Guang Hua Gate, and the 16th Division entered Zhong Shan Gate and the Tai Ping Gate. In the afternoon, two Japanese Navy fleets arrived on both sides of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Yangtze River</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. On the same day, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">December 13th, 1937</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> fell to the Japanese.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In the next six weeks, the Japanese committed the infamous Nanking Massacre, or the Rape of Nanking, during which an estimated 300,000 Chinese soldiers and civilians were killed, and 20,000 women were raped.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">During the Nanking Massacre, the Japanese committed a litany of atrocities against innocent civilians, including mass execution, raping, looting, and burning. It is impossible to keep a detailed account of all of these crimes. However, from the scale and the nature of these crimes as documented by survivors and the diaries of the Japanese militarists, the chilling evidence of this historical tragedy is indisputable. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(I)THE TRAGEDY AT </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">YANGTZE RIVER</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">On December 13th, a large number of refugees tried to escape from the Japanese by trying to cross the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Yangtze River</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. They were trapped on the east bank because no transportation was available; many of them tried to swim across the river. Meanwhile, the Japanese arrived and fired at the people on the shore and in the river. A Japanese soldier reported that the next day he saw an uncountable number of dead bodies of adults and children covering the whole river. He estimated that more than 50,000 people were killed at this tragic incident of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> massacre. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(II)ANNIHILATION IN THE CITY</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">When the Japanese troops first entered the city on the 13th, the streets were crowded with more than 100,000 refugees or injured Chinese soldiers. The Japanese relentlessly fired at these people. The next morning, tanks and artilleries entered the city and killing of people continued. Dead bodies covered the two major streets of the city. The streets became "streets of blood" as a result of the two-day annihilation. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(III) MASS EXECUTION OF CAPTIVES</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">A large number of Chinese soldiers had already been captured in the suburban areas before the Japanese entered the city. The rest of the Chinese soldiers scattered inside the city and changed into civilian clothes. After the "City-Entering Ceremony" on the 17th, the Japanese arrested anybody who was suspected to be a Chinese soldier. A large number of young men who were arrested, together with those who had been captured earlier, were sent outside of the city to be massacred, from several thousand to tens of thousand at a time. In most cases, the captives were shot by machine guns, and those who were still alive were bayoneted individually. In some cases, the Japanese poured gasoline onto the captives and burned them alive. In some cases, poison gas was used. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(IV) SCATTERED ATROCITIES WITH EXTREME CRUELTY</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Numerous atrocities occurred within and around the city, and the victims were largely civilians. Japanese soldiers invented and exercised inhumane and barbaric methods of killing. The brutalities included shooting, stabbing, cutting open the abdomen, excavating the heart, decapitation (beheading), drowning, burning, punching the body and the eyes with an awl, and even castration or punching through the vagina. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(V) RAPING </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">An estimated 20,000 women were raped by the Japanese soldiers during the six weeks of the Nanking Massacre, most were brutally killed afterwards. The Japanese soldiers even raped girls less than ten years old, women over seventy years old, pregnant women, and nuns. Rampant raping took place in the streets or at religious worshiping places during the day. Many women were gang raped. Some Japanese even forced fathers to rape their daughters, sons to rape their mothers, etc. Those who resisted were killed immediately. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(VI) ATROCITIES IN THE SAFETY ZONE </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">When the Japanese were approaching </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in mid-November, a group of concerned foreigners formed an international rescue committee to establish a safety zone in an attempt to protect the refugees. The safety zone was located inside the city and consisted of more than twenty refugee camps, each of which accommodated from 200 to 12,000 people. During the six weeks of the Nanking Massacre, the Japanese frequently entered the safety zone to arrest young men. Every time, several hundred young men were arrested and executed on the site. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">(<b>VII) LOOTING </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Japanese looted all the storehouses and seized virtually everything from the civilians. The loot included jewelry, coins, domesticated animals, food, clothes, antiques, and even inexpensive items such as cigarettes, eggs, fountain pens, and buttons. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(VIII) BURNING AND VANDALISM </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Japanese organized burning of buildings in the city. After they had set fire to buildings using either gasoline or some other inflammable chemicals, they hid, waited for and killed people who came to extinguish the fire. Numerous people were killed by fire. </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, once a beautiful historical city, was burned to ashes by the Japanese. </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2092271577115373238&postID=6240207235368624426" name="NJM-JPV"></a><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">NANKING</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> MASSACRE -- THE JAPANESE VERSIONS</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">From 1937 to now (1990), the Japanese militarists, the government and the public dealt with the undeniable atrocities committed by the Japanese troops in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and the rest of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in a number of ways. The major waves of Japanese treatment of this dark historical tragedy ranged from total cover-up during the war, confessions and documentation by the Japanese soldiers during the 1950's and 60's, denial of the extent of the Nanking Massacre during the 70's and 80's, official distortion and rewriting of history during the 80's, and total denial of the occurrence of the Nanking Massacre by government officials in 1990. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(I) DURING AND IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE SINO-JAPANESE WAR</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Japanese Government had a tight control over the news media during the War and the Japanese civilians did not know about the truth of the Nanking Massacre or other crimes committed by the Japanese troops abroad. In fact, the Japanese soldiers were always described as heroes. It was not until the postwar Tokyo Trial (tried by the International Military Tribunal for the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Far East</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">) that the truth of the Nanking Massacre was first revealed to the Japanese civilians. The atrocities revealed during the Trial shocked the Japanese society at the time. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(II) POSTWAR TO 1970's</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Prior to 1970, there was no open denial by the Japanese regarding the Nanking Massacre. In fact, there were a number of Japanese books, many were confessions or diaries by Japanese soldiers, which confirmed and gave detailed accounts of the Massacre. Works by the Japanese documenting the Nanking Massacre climaxed with the appearance of Katsuichi Honda's series of articles, "The Journey to China", published in Asahi Shinbun (Nov.,1971), which were based on interviews with the survivors of the Massacre. However, the Nanking Massacre was never emphasized in the Japanese history textbooks. During the Tokyo Trial, the Massacre was treated as one unique example of the atrocities committed in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, rather than as a separate charge. Few Japanese historians treated the Massacre as a serious research topic. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(III) 1970 TO PRESENT</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The denial of the Nanking Massacre started around 1972, when the right-wing political force in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> began to rise. The Japanese denial of the Nanking Massacre and other brutalities in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> can be divided into three broad categories:</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(a) Complete Denial of the Massacre </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">By the end of 1971, the wave of confessions by Japanese soldiers and research by journalists exposing the brutal crimes in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> encountered strong resistance from the right-wing conservatives. The denial movement began with two controversial yet influential articles: (1) an article by Shichihei Yamamoto, "Reply to Katsuichi Honda" published in Shokun!, March 1972; (2) an article by Akira Suzuki, "The Phantom of The Nanking Massacre", published in the April issue of the same Journal. This wave of open and public Japanese denial of their war crimes escalated over the years, as evidenced by Massaki Tanaka's book "Fabrication of Nanking Massacre" (Nihon Kyobun Sha, 1984) in which not only was the Nanking Massacre denied, but the Chinese Government was charged as responsible for the occurrence of the Sino-Japanese War. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(b) Disputes on the Number of People Killed in the Massacre </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Besides total denial, another line of Japanese thoughts insisted that the Nanking Massacre was exaggerated by the Chinese. This view is best elaborated in a book written by Hata Ikuhiko "Nanking Incident" (Chuo Koron Shinsho, 1986) in which it was argued that the number of victims in the Massacre was between 38,000-42,000. It was also argued that the killing of surrendered or captured soldiers should NOT be considered as "Massacre". This book is now considered as the official history text on the issue by the Japan Ministry of Education. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(c) Distortion and Rewriting of History </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In 1982, the Ministry of Education embarked on a campaign to distort the presentation of the history of World War II. In the process of the revision of history textbooks in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Japanese "aggression" in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> was substituted by "advancing in and out" of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> during the Sino-Japanese War. The Nanking Massacre was described as a minor incident which occurred because the Japanese soldiers were too frustrated by the strong resistance from the Chinese Army. Although the substitution of the word "aggression" by "advancing in and out" was finally stopped because of the strong protest by the surrounding Asian countries and various Japanese educational groups, the rewriting of the Nanking Massacre remained. Moreover, the Ministry of Education has never admitted that the distortion of history is a mistake. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(IV) 1990, DENIALS BY JAPANESE OFFICIALS</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Nanking Massacre came into focus again when an interview with Shintaro Ishihara, the most popular contemporary writer in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (co-author of "The Japan that Can Say No") and the most flamboyant member of the Diet, was published in the October issue of Playboy Magazine. In the interview, Ishihara declared that the Nanking Massacre never occurred, and that "it is a story made up by the Chinese, ... it is a lie". On </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">November 10, 1990</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, during a protest by Chinese Americans against the Japanese actions in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Diao-Yu-Tai</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Island</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the Deputy Japanese Consul in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Houston</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> maintained that according to Japanese sources, "the Nanking Massacre never occurred." </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2092271577115373238&postID=6240207235368624426" name="CRIMES"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">THE </span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">TOKYO</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> WAR CRIMES TRIALS</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">: </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">MAY 3, 1946</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">NOVEMBER 12, 1948</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">All Japanese Class A war criminals were tried by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. The prosecution team was made up of justices from eleven Allied nations: </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Australia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Canada</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">France</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Great Britain</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">India</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Netherlands</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">New Zealand</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Philippines</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Soviet Union</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">United States of America</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. The </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> trial lasted two and a half years, from May 1946 to November 1948. Other war criminals were tried in the respective victim countries. War crime trials were held at ten different locations in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">I.THE INDICTMENT</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Of the eighty (80) Class A war criminal suspects detained in the Sugamo prison after 1945, twenty-eight (28) men were brought to trial before the IMTFE. The accused included nine civilians and nineteen professional military men: Four former premiers: Hiranuma, Hirota, Koiso, Tojo : Three former foreign ministers: Matsuoka, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Shigemitsu</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Togo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> : Four former war ministers: Araki, Hata, Itagaki, Minami </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Two former navy ministers: </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nagano</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Shimada: Six former generals: Doihara, Kimura, Matsui, Muto, Sato, Umezu: Two former ambassadors: Oshima, Shiratori: Three former economic and financial leaders: Hoshino, Kaya, Suzuki: One imperial adviser: Kido: One radical theorist: Okawa: One former admiral: </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Oka</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">: One former colonel: Hashimoto</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The indictment accused the defendants of promoting a scheme of conquest that "contemplated and carried out ... murdering, maiming and ill-treating prisoners of war (and) civilian internees ... forcing them to labor under inhumane conditions ... plundering public and private property, wantonly destroying cities, towns and villages beyond any justification of military necessity; (perpetrating) mass murder, rape, pillage, brigandage, torture and other barbaric cruelties upon the helpless civilian population of the over-run countries."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Joseph Keenan, the chief prosecutor representing the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> at the trial, issued a press statement along with the indictment: ".. it is high time ... that the promoters of aggressive, ruthless war and treaty-breakers should be stripped of the glamour of national heroes and exposed as what they really are --- plain, ordinary murderers." </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">II. WAR CRIMES IN </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">CHINA</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> REVEALED </span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(a) The </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Numerous eye-witness accounts of the Nanking Massacre were provided by Chinese civilian survivors and western nationals living in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> at the time. The accounts included gruesome details of the Nanking Massacre. Thousands of innocent civilians were buried alive, used as targets for bayonet practice, shot in large groups and thrown into the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Yangtze River</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. Rampant rapes (and gang rapes) of women ranging from age seven to over seventy were reported. The international community estimated that within the six weeks of the Massacre, 20,000 women were raped, many of them subsequently murdered or mutilated; and over 300,000 people were killed, often with the most inhumane brutality. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Dr. Robert Wilson, a surgeon who was born and raised in Nanking and educated at Princeton and Harvard Medical School, testified that beginning with December 13, "the hospital filled up and was kept full to overflowing" during the next six weeks. The patients usually bore bayonet or bullet wounds; many of the women patients had been sexually molested.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The international community had filed many protests to the Japanese Embassy. Bates, an American professor of history at the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> during the Japanese occupation, provided evidence that the protests were forwarded to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and were discussed in great detail between Japanese officials and the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">U.S.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> ambassador in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Brackman (reporter at the trial and author of the book "The Other Nuremberg") commented: "The Rape of Nanking was not the kind of isolated incident common to all wars. It was deliberate. It was policy. It was known in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">." Yet it was allowed to continue for over six weeks. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(b) Unconventional warfare: Narcotics and Bacteriological warfare - Narcortics Trafficking </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s opium operations in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in the 30's and 40's was conducted with full approval from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> as a state policy, under the directives of an official Japanese umbrella organization, the China Affairs Board. The Board was responsible for political, economic, and cultural affairs in occupied </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. This organization was run by Prince Konoye, and the ministers of war, the navy, finance and foreign affairs of the time.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s opium trafficking was designed to weaken the Chinese people's will to resist and to provide substantial revenues to finance Japanese military and economic aggression. - Bacteriological Warfare </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Reference to the bacteriological warfare was only briefly mentioned during the trial. The assistant </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">U.S.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> prosecutor David Sutton read the following statements: "The enemy's TAMA Detachment carried off their civilian captives to the medical laboratory, where the reactions to poisonous serums were tested. This detachment was one of the most secret organizations. The number of persons slaughtered by this detachment cannot be ascertained." Surprisingly, the prosecutor did not pursue the subject, and hence was rejected as unsupported</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">After the trial by the IMTFE, in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">December 25-30, 1949</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the Soviets tried twelve former members of the TAMA detachment who were captured in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Manchuria</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. The twelve were convicted of conducting experiments on living people.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">February 23, 1950</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> issue of Izvestia, the Soviet government daily, the Soviets charged that in September 1946, the Soviet prosecutors had turned over to the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">U.S.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> prosecutor, the chief of the Allied counsel, hard evidence of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s experiments on bacteriological weapons.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">In 1976, the Tokyo Broadcasting System confirmed the existence of the TAMA detachment. Five living members of the top-secret operation told a Japanese reporter that they had escaped indictment as war criminals in return for divulging their research to the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">U.S.</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> authorities. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">III.THE VERDICT</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Two (Yosuke Matsuoka and Osami Nagano) of the twenty-eight defendants died of natural causes during the trial. One defendant (Shumei Okawa) had a mental breakdown on the first day of trial, was sent to a psychiatric ward and was released in 1948 a free man. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The remaining twenty-five (25) were all found guilty, many of multiple counts. Seven (7) were sentenced to death by hanging, sixteen (16) to life imprisonment, and two (2) to lesser terms. All seven sentenced to death were found to be guilty of inciting or otherwise implicated in mass-scale atrocities, among other counts. Three of the sixteen sentenced to life imprisonment died between 1949 and 1950 in prison. The remaining thirteen (13) were paroled between 1954 and 1956, less than eight years in prison for their crimes against millions of people. Two former ambassadors were sentenced to seven and twenty years in prison. One died two years later in prison. The other one, Shigemitsu, was paroled in 1950, and was appointed foreign minister </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">SUMMARY OF THE VERDICT AND SENTENCE</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Counts</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">ACCUSED 1 27 29 31 32 33 35 36 54 55 SENTENCE NOTE</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">ARAKI G G X X X X X X X X Life Imp. Paroled 1955 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">DOIHARA G G G G G X G G G O Death</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">HASHIMOTO G G X X X X X Life Imp. Paroled 1945 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">HATA G G G G G X X X G Life Imp. Paroled 1955 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">HIRANUMA G G G G G X X G X X Life Imp. Paroled 1955 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">HIROTA G G X X X X X X G Death </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">HOSHINO G G G G G X X X X Life Imp. Paroled 1955 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">ITAGAKI G G G G G X X Death </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">KAYA G G G G G X G G G O Life Imp. Paroled 1955 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">KIDO G G G G G X X X X X Life Imp. Paroled 1955 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">KIMURA G G G G G G G Death KOISO G G G G G X X G Life Imp. Died 1950 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">MATSUI X X X X X X X X G Death </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">MINAMI G G X X X X X Life Imp. Paroled 1954 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">MUTO G G G G G X X G G Death </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">OKA</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> G G G G G X X Life Imp. Paroled 1954 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">OSHIMA G X X X X X X Life Imp. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Paroled 1955 SATO G G G G G X X Life Imp. Paroled 1956 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">SHIGEMITSU X G G G G G X X G 7 years Paroled 1950 Apointed Foreign </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Minister 1954 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">SHIMADA G G G G G X X Life Imp. Paroled 1955 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">SHIRATORI G X X X X Life Imp. Died 1949 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">SUZUKI G G G G G X X X X Life Imp. Paroled 1955 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">TOGO G G G G G X X X 20 years Died 1948 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">TOJO G G G G G G X G O Death Enshrined as martr" at the Yasukuni Shrine in </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1978 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">UMEZU G G G G G X X X Life Imp. Died 1949</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Blank: No indictment; G: Guilty; X: Not Guilty; O: Other.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">COUNTS OF INDICTMENT:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Count 1: as "leaders, organizers, instigators, or accomplices in the formulation or execution of a common plan or conspiracy to wage wars of aggression, and war or wars in violation of international law."</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Count 27: waging unprovoked war against </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Count 29: waging aggressive war against the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Count 31: waging aggressive war against the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">British Commonwealth</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Count 32: waging aggressive war against the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Netherlands</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Count 33: waging aggressive war against </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">France</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Indochina</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Count 35 & 36: waging aggressive war against the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">USSR</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Count 54: authorized, and permitted" inhumane treatment of Prisoners of War (POWs) and others. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Count 55: deliberately and recklessly disregarded their duty" to take adequate steps to prevent atrocities.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">SUMMARY OF CONVICTED CLASS A WAR CRIMINALS</span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Seven (7) sentenced to death:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Doihara, General Kenji</b> (1883-1948). Commander, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Kwantung</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Army,</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1938-40; Supreme War Council, 1940-43; army commander in</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Singapore</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1944-45. Deeply involved in the army's drug</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> trafficking in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Manchuria</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. Later ran brutal POW and internee</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> camps in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Malaya</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Sumatra</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Java and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Borneo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. Convicted on counts</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 54.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Hirota, Baron Koki</b> (1878-1948). Ambassador to the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Soviet Union</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">,</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1928-31; foreign minister, 1933-36; premier, 1936-37. Was</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> foreign minister during the Rape of Nanking and other atrocities</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> perpetrated by the army. As premier, he led his cabinet in</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> planning the invasions of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Southeast Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and the Pacific</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> islands, in addition to continuing the undeclared war against</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. Convicted on Counts 1, 27, 55.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Itagaki, General Seishiro</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (1885-1948). Chief of staff, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Kwantung</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Army, 1936-37; minister of war, 1938-39; chief, army general</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> staff, 1939; commander in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Korea</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1941; Supreme War Council,</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1943; commander in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Singapore</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1945. Troops under his command in</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and elsewhere terrorized prisoners and civilians. Was</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> responsible for prison camps in Java, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Sumatra</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Malaya</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Borneo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and elsewhere. Convicted on Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36,</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 54.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Kimura, General Heitaro</b> (1888-1948). Chief of staff, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Kwantung</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Army, 1940-41; vice minister of war, 1941-43; Supreme War</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Council, 1943; army commander in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Burma</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1944-45. Helped plan</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and Pacific wars, including surprise attacks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Involved in the brutalization of the Allied POWs and was the</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> field commander in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Burma</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> when civilian and POW slave labor built</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and died on the Siam-Burma Railway. Convicted on Counts 1, 27,</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 29, 31, 32, 54, 55.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Matsui, General Iwane</b> (1878-1948). Personal appointee of the</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> emperor to the Geneva Disarmament Conference, 1932-37;</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> commander, China Expeditionary Force, 1937-38. Troops under his</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> overall command were responsible for the Rape of Nanking in 1937</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and other atrocities. He retired in 1938 and then ceased to</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> play an active role in military affairs. Convicted on Count 55.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> He was one of 14 Class A war criminals who were secretly</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> enshrined as "matyrs" at the Yasukuni Shrine, which is dedicated</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to Japan's war dead and is </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s most revered Shinto temple.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Muto, General Akira</b> (1892-1948). Vice chief of staff, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Expeditionary Force, 1937; director, military Affairs Bureau,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1939-42; army commander in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Sumatra</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1942-43; army chief of staff</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Philippines</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1944-45. Troops under his command</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> participated in both the Rape of Nanking and the Rape of Manila.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Convicted on Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32, 54, 55.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Tojo, General Hideki</b> (1884-1948). Chief, Manchurian secret</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> police, 1935; councillor, Manchurian Affairs Bureau, 1936; chief</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> of staff, Kwantung Army, 1937-38; vice minister of war, 1938;</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> minister of war 1940-44; premier, 1941-44. Considered the</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> arch-criminal of the Pacific War. Tojo assumed full</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> responsibility for all the actions of his government and the</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> military during the war. Convicted on Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 33, 54.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Sixteen (16) sentenced to life imprisonment:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Araki, General Sadao</b> (1877-1966). Minister of war, 1931-34;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Supreme War Council, 1934-36; minister of education 1938-39;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> senior adviser to the cabinet, 1939-40. An early advocate of</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Japanese military expansionism. While education minister, he</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> restructured the Japanese school system along military lines.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Convicted on Counts 1 and 27. Paroled in 1955.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Hashimoto, Colonel Kingoro</b> (1890-1957). Held various commands,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> including that of an artillery regiment during the Rape of</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in 1937. Played a major role in staging the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Mukden</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Incident, which eventually led to war with </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. Author of</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> political books of racist propaganda, he was important in</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> mobilizing Japanese public opinion behind the Pacific War.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Convicted on Counts 1 and 27. Paroled in 1954.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Hata, Field Marshal Shunroku</b> (1879-1962). Supreme War Council,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1937; commander, China Expeditionary Force, 1938, 1941-44;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> minister of war, 1939-40. One of the militarists who planned</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> the invasion of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in the 1930s. He was in overall command</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> of troops who perpetrated countless atrocities against Chinese</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> civilians. Convicted on Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32, 55. Paroled</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in 1954.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Hiranuma, Baron Kiichiro</b> (1867-1952). Privy Council, 1924-39;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> founder and president, Kokuhonsha (right-wing patriotic</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> society), 1926-28; premier, 1938; minister of home affairs,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1940; minister without portfolio, 1940-41; president, Privy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Council, 1945. Convicted on crimes 1, 27, 29, 31, 32, 36.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Hoshino, Naoki</b> (1892-1978). Chief of financial affairs,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Manchukuo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Manchuria</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">), 1932-34; director of general affairs</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (chief civilian officer), </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Manchukuo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1936; minister without</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> portfolio, 1940-41; chief cabinet secretary, 1941-44. Convicted</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> on Counts 1, 27, 29, 312, 32. Paroled in 1955.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Kaya, Okinori</b> (1889-1977). Minister of finance, 1937-38,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1941-44; president, North China Development Company, 1939-41.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> An early advocate of selling narcotics to the Chinese to finance</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> the expenses of the occupation forces. Convicted on Counts 1,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 27, 29, 31, 32. Paroled in 1955.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Kido, Marquis Koichi</b> (1889-1977). Chief secretary to the lord</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> keeper of the privy seal, 1930-37; minister of education, 1937;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> minister of welfare, 1938; minister of home affairs, 1939; lord</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> keeper of the privy seal 1940-45. Was Emperor Hirohito's</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> closest adviser during the most critical periods of the wars</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> with </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and the Allies. His secret diary, which he kept</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> during all of his time at or near the seat of power, was the</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> prosecution's bible during much of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> trial. Convicted</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> on Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32. Paroled in 1955.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Koiso, General Kuniaki</b> (1880-1950). Vice minister of war, 1932;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> chief of staff, Kwantung Army, 1932-34; army commander in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Korea</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1935-38; minister of overseas affairs, 1939; governor-general,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Korea</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1942-44; premier 1944-45. Was known among the Korean</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> population as "the Tiger of Korea" because of his brutality. As</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> premier, he was aware of POW death camps. Convicted on Counts</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1, 27, 29, 31, 32, 55.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Minami, General Jiro</b> (1874-1955). Minister of war, 1931;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Supreme War Council, 1931-34; commander, Kwantung Army, 1934-36;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> governor-general, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Korea</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1936-42; privy Council, 1942-45. An</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> early leader of the army clique that controlled </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> in the</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1930s and 1940s. Ruled </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s Korean colony with an iron fist.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Convicted on Counts 1 and 27. Paroled in 1945.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Oka</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Admiral Takasumi</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (1890-1973). Chief, Naval Affairs Bureau,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1940-44; vice minister of the navy, 1944. An important</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> participant in planning the surprise attacks perpetrated by</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Japanese naval forces during the second week in December 1941.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Also administered some POW and civilian to shoot survivors of</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> torpedoed Allied ships. Convicted on Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Paroled in 1954.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Oshima, General Hiroshi</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (1886-1975). Military attache in</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Germany</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1934-38; ambassador to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Germany</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1938-39, 1941-45.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Helped forge the Axis Pact with </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Germany</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Italy</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and was an</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> intimate of Hilter, Himmler, Goring, and Ribbentrop. Convicted</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> on Count 1. Paroled in 1955.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Sato, General Kenryo</b> (1895-1975). Section head, then chief,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Military Affairs Bureau, 1942-44; assistant chief of staff,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> China Expeditionary Force, 1944; army commander in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Indochina</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1945. Convicted on Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32. Paroled in 1956.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Shimada, Admiral Shigetaro</b> (1883-1976). Vice chief of naval</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> staff, 1935-37; commander, China Fleet, 1940; navy minister,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1941-44; Supreme War Council, 1944. Authorized the naval</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> surprise attacks in December 1941. Naval units under his</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> overall command massacred Allied POWs, transported prisoners and</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> civilian internees aboard hellships, and killed any surviving</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> crew members of torpedoed Allied ships. Convicted on Counts 1,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 27, 29, 31, 32. Paroled in 1955.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Shiratori, Toshio</b> (1887-1949). Director, Information Bureau,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Foreign Ministry, 1929-33; ambassador to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Italy</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1938-40; adviser</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> tot the foreign minister, 1940. A supporter of military</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> expansionism, he favored an alliance among </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Germany</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Italy</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> the</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Soviet Union</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to dominate the world. Convicted on</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Count 1.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Suzuki, General Teiichi</b> (1888- ). chief, China Affairs Bureau,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1938-41; president, Cabinet Planning Board, and minister without</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> portfolio, 1941-43; adviser to the cabinet, 1943-44. An early</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and active supporter of militarism. Involved in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s drug</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> trafficking in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and approved the use of POWs and civilians</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> as slave laborers. Convicted on Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Paroled in 1955.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Umezu, General Yoshijiro</b> (1882-1949). Section chief, general</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> staff, 1931-34; commander, China Expeditionary Force, 1934; vice</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> minister of war, 1939-44; army chief of staff, 1944-45.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Convicted on Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Two sentenced to lesser terms:</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> <b>Shigemitsu, Mamoru</b> (1887-1957). Ambassador to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1931-32;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> vice minister of foreign affairs, 1933-36; ambassador to the</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Soviet Union</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1936-38; ambassador to Great Britain, 1938-41;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> foreign minister, 1943-45. He and General Umezu signed the</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> instrument of surrender in 1945. Convicted on Counts 27, 29,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 31, 32, 33, 55. Sentenced to seven years in prison. Paroled in</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1950, he reentered the political arena and was appointed foreign</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> minister in 1954.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Togo</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, General Hideki</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (1884-1948). Ambassador to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Germany</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1937;</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> ambassador to the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Soviet Union</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1938; foreign minister, 1941-42,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> 1945. Convicted on Counts 1, 27, 29, 31, 32. Sentenced to</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> twenty years in prison.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2092271577115373238&postID=6240207235368624426" name="CHRONO"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">CHRONOLOGY OF THE JAPANESE INVASION OF </span></b></a><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">ASIA</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, 1894-1945</span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1894-5 First Sino-Japanese war -- fledging Japanese navy defeats</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Chinese fleet off </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Yalu</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">River</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. Fortress of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Port Arthur</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Lushun</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">) stormed. After the war, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> seizes Taiwai and</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> S. Manchuria.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1910 Annexation of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Korea</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1926 Hirohito becomes Emperor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1931 Sept. 18 "The Mukden Incident" -- Bomb explodes under Japanese-</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> owned express train in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Manchuria</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (planted by Japanese</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> secret agents); Japanese troops proceed to occupy all</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Manchuria</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1932 Chinese boycott of Japanese goods leads to the "</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Battle</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> of</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Shanghai"; Japanese aircraft carriers in action for the</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> first time. </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">League of Nations</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> condemns Japanese</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> aggression in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Manchuria</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1933 </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> withdraws from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">League of Nations</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1934 Pu Yi -- former emperor of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> -- becomes puppet emperor of</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Manchukuo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Manchuria</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1937 July “The China Incident" -- a skirmish between </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Chinese troops at the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Marco</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Polo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Bridge</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (Luguoqiao), near</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Peking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, sparks off a full scale invasion of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Augest “Japanese bombers make the first trans-oceanic raids in</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> history -- from </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Taiwan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Kyushu</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Shanghai</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Nov. Imperial General Headquarters established in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (the</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Emperor, the Chiefs of the Army, and Naval General</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Staffs).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Dec. The </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre (Rape of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">) -- the Chinese</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> capital sacked by Japanese troops. The American gunboat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> USS Panay bombed and sunk near </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1938</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Dec. </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> proclaims a "New Order in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">East Asia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">".</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1940</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> May- Chungking -- war capital of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> -- bombed day and night</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Sept. by Japanese.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Sept. Japanese troops occupy northern Indo-China.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> signs Tripartite Pact with </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Germany</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Italy</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1941</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> July Japanese troops occupy southern French Indo-China.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Dec. 6 President Roosevelt addresses a personal appeal for peace</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> to Emperor Hirohito.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Dec. 7 </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> raids </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Pearl Harbor</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, invades </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Siam</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hong Kong</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Burma</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">North Borneo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Dutch West Indies</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Philippines</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Pacific</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Islands</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Britain</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">United States</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> declare war on</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1942 </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> May Japanese midget submarines attack shipping in Diego</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Suarez harbor (</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Madagascar</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">) and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Sydney</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Harbor</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> (</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Australia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Jun </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Battle</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> of Midway -- Japanese Carrier Force defeated off</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Midway</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Island</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and the invasion abandoned.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1943</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Nov. Issue of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Cairo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Declaration.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1944</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> April U.S. forces land on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Okinawa</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> July Issue of Postdam Declaration to </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1945</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> August Atomic bombs dropped on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Hiroshima</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nagasaki</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Russia</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> declares war on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> surrenders.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Sept. Surrender ceremony aboard USS Missouri in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Bay</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">ESTIMATED CHINESE ARMIES CASUALTIES*, 1937-1945 </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Year Total Wounded Killed Missing</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1937 367,362 242,232 125,130</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1938 735,017 485,804 249,213</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1939 346,543 176,891 169,652</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1940 673,368 333,838 339,530</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1941 299,483 173,254 144,915 17,314</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1942 247,167 114,180 87,917 45,070</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1943 162,895 81,957 43,223 27,715</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1944 210,734 103,596 102,719 4,419</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1945 168,850 85,583 57,659 25,608</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Total 3,311,419 1,761,335 1,319,958 130,126</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Civilian casualties are not included. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Estimated total Chinese casualties during the period is 35,000,000. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Source: Dept. of Defense, Republic of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">. Official Report. </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2092271577115373238&postID=6240207235368624426" name="REF"><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">REFERENCES:</span></b></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Source Materials Relating to the Horrible Massacre Committe by the Japanese Troops in </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Nan-jing</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> da tu-sha shi-liao bian-ji wai-yuan-hui and the Library of Nanking, Jiang-su gu-ji chu-ban-she, 1985. </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Archival Document Relating to the Horrible Massacre Committed by the Japanese Troops in </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Nan-jing</span></b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> da tu-sha shi-liao bian-ji wai-yuan-hui, Jiang-su gu-ji chu-ban-she, 1987. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Draft Manuscript of the History Relating to the Horrible Massacre Committed by the Japanese Troops in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Nan-jing da tu-sha shi-liao bian-ji wai-yuan-hui, Jiang-su gu-ji chu-ban-she, 1987. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre Tomio Hora, Gendeishi Kenkyuukai, 1982. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">A Personal Account of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre Kazuo Sone, Sairyusha, 1984. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The True Story of the Nanking Massacre Akira Fujiwara, Peng-Jen Chen (tr.), Journal of Studies of Japanese Aggression Against China(JSJAAC), V.2&3, 1990. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Large-scale Killing within the City of </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking Seigo Imai</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, Bungei Shunju, special coll. 1956. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Attack on </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> and the Murder Cases Katsumi Shimada, Jinbutsu Oraisha, special issue 1956. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The White Tiger Unit Soaked with Blood ed. by </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Kensuke Hata</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">, </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Weekly, 1957 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre Incident and the Diaries of Iwane Matsui. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">History of the Sino-Japanese War Ikuhiko Hata, Kawade Shoboo, 1961, renewed ed. 1986 </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Research Situation of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanking</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre and Future Directions Xing-Zu Gao, (n.d.) </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s Textbook Controversy Shinji Kojima, Journal of Studies of Japanese Aggression Against </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">(JSJAAC), V.2, 1990. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The Other Nuremburg: The Untold Story of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Tokyo</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> War Crime Trials </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Arnold</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Brackman, Morrow, 1988. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Unit 731: </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">'s Secret Biological Warfare in World War II Peter Williams and David Wallace, Free Press, 1989. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japanese Terror in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Harold John Timperley, Modern Age Books, 1938. </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japanese War Crimes ---- </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">NANJING</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> MASSACRE RECORD </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">WARNING! </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">The following document contains detailed descriptions of the Nanjing Massacre in 1937-1938. The brutality shown in the photos is beyond any human imagination.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">1960, Department of History of the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">University</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> organized a detailed investigation on the Nanjing Massacre that took place from December 1937 to February 1938. In 1962, they compiled a historical record "the Nanjing Massacre of Imperial Japan". The following is the translation of a portion in the 1979 edition. For more information about Nanjing Massacre, see docs at:<a href="http://www.cnd.org/njmassacre/"> http://www.cnd.org/njmassacre</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">I translated this document because little about the Japanese war crimes in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">China</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> is known to the world due to many reasons. Japanese constantly deny these crimes and are trying to distort history by claiming that </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Japan</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> liberated Asian nations. They claim that </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Pearl Harbor</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> was never a sneak attack. And they also claim </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> massacre was a lie that the </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">US</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> used to find excuses for dropping the A-Bombs on them. The war criminals that led the Nanjing Massacre are enshrined by the Japanese as 'martyr's. Almost all of the murderers in </span><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> have not been brought to justice. </span></div>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=2092271577115373238&postID=6240207235368624426" name="njm_index"></a><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre (Dec. 1937-- Feb. 1938) </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoW2WYdOsvg">Rape of Nanking Nanjing Massacre Part I Atrocities in Asia </a>Documentary on YouTube</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqH47MIpuoA">Rape of Nanking Nanjing Massacre Part II Atrocities in Asia </a>Documentary on YouTube</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/situatio.htm">The situation before the fall of Nanjing</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/bloodrds.htm">The brutal killings on two main streets</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/killrive.htm">Massacres along the Yangtze River</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/killcity.htm">Massacres around the city</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/purge.htm">Street purge</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/killcomp.htm">Killing competitions of the Japanese </a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/killgame.htm">Cruel killing games</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/bodyheap.htm">Heaps of bodies</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/rape.htm">Rape of Nanjing</a> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/end.htm">Conclusion</a> </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Summary information about the Nanjing Massacre</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/njmsumm.htm">A condensed description of the Massacre. </a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/nmphoto/njmaps.gif">The map of the masscare </a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/japaccou.htm">The number of people massacred in Nanjing </a></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Eye witnesses of </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/holo.htm">The Other Holo (Article on the Los Angeles Reader)</a> </span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Related Links</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://alpha-canada.org/">Canada Association for Learning & Preserving the History of WWII in Asia</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0140277447/102-8804138-7898563?v=glance&n=283155">The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.tribo.org/nanking/">The Rape of Nanking: An Undeniable History in Photographs</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><a href="http://www.centurychina.com/wiihist/njmassac/nmjapv.htm">Japanese version of the Nanjing Massacre </a></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;">Can Everyone Say….. GUTLESS COWARDS!!</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">From first deleting all mention of the </span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;">Nanjing</span></b><b><span style="font-size: 16pt;"> Massacre from their history books to completely denying the Massacre, the Japanese are now even portraying themselves as the saviors of the Asian nations. </span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>In Closeing;</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><b>Taken from;</b> Chinese in Vancouver B.C. Canada</span><a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Vancouver-BC/Chinese-in-Vancouver/129118799269" target="_blank"> </a><br />
<span style="font-size: 16pt;"><span style="font-size: small;">http://chineseinvancouver.blogspot.com/2007/02/iris-changs-statue-unveiled-at.html</span></span><br />
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<a href="http://www.facebook.com/pages/Vancouver-BC/Chinese-in-Vancouver/129118799269" target="_blank"><span class="name"></span></a><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMtrYBCxFHI/AAAAAAAAALU/Obk3rcv2eAE/s1600/Iris+Bronze+statue_3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TMtrYBCxFHI/AAAAAAAAALU/Obk3rcv2eAE/s320/Iris+Bronze+statue_3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 85%;">A bronze statue of the late historian Iris Chang, who wrote the first English account of the "Rape of Nanking", was unveiled at the Hoover Institute of the Stanford University on Feb 1, 2007. Mother Ying Ying Chang (張盈盈) kindly touched her daughter's statue. CNS Photo)</span><br />
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With Iris Chang's statue is now sitting at the Hoover Institute permanently, it is a recognition of and appreciation for Iris Chang's bravery, dedication and devotion in exposing Japanese war crimes, said mother Ying Ying Chang.<br />
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Father Chang Chaojin said Iris loved books and loved research. She was once locked up inside in a library because she was so focused in her work that she had forgotten about time. Now it'll be a beautiful thing for Iris that her statue and her notes can sit in the same library that she loved.<br />
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Shortly before her death, Iris Chang donated her extensive materials to the Hoover Archives. They document her research on the history of the Chinese in America and the human rights violations in Nanking (1937–1938) and include the lengthy interviews she conducted with American military personnel who served in the Pacific during World War II.<br />
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To remember Iris Chang, the Chinese Human Rights Foundation invited scultor Wang Hong zhi, a Nanjing local artist, to create two bronze statues of Iris - one at Stanford and the other one is put in the Nanjing Massacre Memorial Hall in Nanjing, China.<br />
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For those of you who don't know much about Iris Chang, here's a story on her written in the London Times in 2005, after her suicide:<span class="fullpost"></span><br />
<blockquote>
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Iris Chang: Her Friends Used to Wory About Her</span></span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><span style="font-style: italic;">Oliver August, in the London Times, Saturday, March 26, 2005</span></span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">A young historian's book on the 1937 atrocity unleashed a tide of repressed anguish and international recriminations that continue even after her suicide</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">THOSE who knew Iris Chang used to worry about how she could cope with the gloom of her chosen work. But when they visited the house in California that she shared with her husband and saw him playing with their two-year-old son by the swimming pool in the backyard, they were reassured.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">The 36-year-old historian would sip lemonade with her friends at a Chinese café called the Tea House and, for a while, the torrent of terror that she frequently invited into her life would seem far away.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">Were it not for the crinkled maps of China, the pictures of mass graves and the two desperately overstuffed Rolodexes on her desk, Chang might have been just another former high school homecoming queen from the aptly named Sunnyvale. But she had become one of the foremost young historians of her generation after publishing, seven years ago, a bestselling account of the Rape of Nanking, one of the worst episodes of human cruelty in recent history.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">Her book brought international acclaim and controversy, and many spoke of a stellar future. It was not to be. In November she killed herself, no longer able to bear the weight of horrors from seven decades ago.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">The Rape of Nanking in 1937 began with the march of invading Japanese soldiers up the Yangtse River. They occupied the Chinese capital of the time and soon conquest was followed by bloodlust. Soldiers slaughtered between 100,000 and 300,000 civilians sheltering in a few city blocks. Slowly.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">Over a six-week period, up to 80,000 women were raped. But it wasn’t so much the sheer numbers as the details that shock — fathers forced at gunpoint to rape daughters, stakes driven through vaginas, women nailed to trees, tied-up prisoners used for bayonet practice, breasts sliced off the living, speed decapitation contests.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">During the war the massacre was well known, but both Tokyo and Beijing preferred not to mention it over the four decades that followed.</span><br />
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<span class="fullpost">Iris Chang was pitched into this maelstrom of history as a child when her immigrant parents, who had escaped from wartime China to the US, told their daughter how the Japanese “sliced babies not just in half but in thirds and fourths”. In the introduction to her book she wrote: “Throughout my childhood [the massacre] remained buried in the back of my mind as a metaphor for unspeakable evil.”</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">When, at 27, she read one of the few accounts of the atrocity still circulating in the West, she sensed a mission in life. “I was suddenly in a panic that this terrifying disrespect for death and dying, this reversion in human social evolution, would be reduced to a footnote of history, treated like a harmless glitch in a computer program that might or might not again cause a problem, unless someone forced the world to remember it.”</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">Chang soon made her first trip to China and sought out Sun Zhaiwei, a history professor in Nanjing, as Nanking is known today. “I provided her with an assistant and fixed appointments with some of the survivors,” he says. Chang was given free lodgings and unlimited access to archives on the tree-lined campus near where the Japanese breached the old city wall before beginning their slaughter.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">When the book based on her research — The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II — was published two years later, it sold more than half a million copies and Chang became an instant celebrity in America. Hillary Clinton invited her to the White House and Stephen Ambrose, the doyen of US historians, described her as “maybe the best young historian we’ve got”.</span><br />
<span class="fullpost"><br /></span>
<span class="fullpost">She was also widely praised for the emotion and commitment she brought to her work. On book tours the slim, ponytailed author spoke with an intensity that few listeners expected. Many broke down by her side, feeling compelled to recount their own tales of horror even if these were unrelated to her subject.</span><br />
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<span class="fullpost">Orphans, rape victims and Holocaust survivors all wanted to bare their souls to her, finally relieving themselves of agonies sometimes decades old. They felt encouraged by the passion that she brought to the sort of grievances few of them could tackle on their own.</span><br />
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<span class="fullpost">Chang cried when they cried. She was enraged even when they no longer were. It was unthinkable for her just to pass the paper tissues and wait until people had composed themselves again. Chang invited memories of atrocity and abuse with a seemingly limitless appetite. ...</span></blockquote>
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R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-59615958886442756652010-10-16T12:22:00.001-07:002020-03-19T22:55:51.231-07:00What is the Truth Really?I keep asking people to look shit up and find out the truth, instead of believing what the Government and/or the Media is telling you is true.<br /><br />So here is my take on what the Truth Really is? <br /><br />I just watched a Video called Web 3.0 http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/web-3-0/<br /><br />Actually I watched it three times ( you can go watch this video your self and see what you get out of it) But unless you know what they are talking about, and I only know one person that would be capable of understanding this and that's my son in-law, (now don't get me wrong here, I'm not saying he is the smartest apple in the barrel or the most educated person out there, All I'm just saying he is the most knowledgeable person I know) mostly because he (that's right) looks shit up!<br /><br />So... watching the video would depend on two things:<br /><br />One understanding the words they are using, (considering your level of education or intelligence if you will) because if you understand the meaning of all the words in the video, you would get more out of this particular video. (Instead of having to go look them all up as I did) more anyway than, Say, some one that only understands half the worlds, or someone the doesn't understand any of the words they are using in this video.<br /><br />And two being able to sit through the video two or three times until you actually get something out of it that makes any seance at all to you. (again depending on your education and/or intelligence and/or your willingness to look up the ones (words) you don't understand the meaning of)<br /><br />That being said:<br /><br />The truth is a lot like this video, it all depends on what you understand about computers, the<span id="search" style="visibility: visible;"><i> </i></span>Internet and how they work and what you are capable of looking up and cross checking on the Internet to determine what you believe to be the truth.<br /><br />And to be completely honest with you, you can look up pretty much anything and find 50 % that believe one thing and 50 % that believe the complete opposite <span id="search" style="visibility: visible;"><i></i>(semantics)</span>. which as it turns out is what the video Web 3.0 is all about how a machine determines what you are looking for appose to what you (a person) is actually looking for to read or look at.<br /><br />Try to understand this (or my explanation of it) a computer works with 1's and 0's and a combination of those two digits is what makes a computer work, program's, games, looking up shit on the Internet, pictures words, items (toy's phones, TVs and so on) So it would give you (depending on 1 and 0) everything that is connected to what ever it happened to be that you are looking for on the Internet and there are thousands of sights out there all with information connected to or relating to what you are actually looking for. (sometimes very overwhelming)<br /><br />Remember it's a machine and until they come up with a way to make the computer think the way a human thinks it can only do what it is programed to do with the two digits 1and 0 and the millions or billions of combinations there of.<br /><br />Say you where trying to look up (What is the Truth) first it takes you to a Web definition (which states "a fact that has been verified" and then it takes you to a religious sight "What is the truth" (if you want to find God I suppose this would be the best place to start) and then it takes you to "Truth- Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. which tells you right of the get go that "the truth can have a variety of meanings, such as the state of being in accord with a particular fact or reality" and then it goes on to many, many more sights all with something to do with "What is the Truth" About 287,000,000 results. (try it, it's true) but then again it would depend on your search engine and/or your browser.<br /><br />So again, what is the truth really? <br /><br />Basically the truth is what ever anyone determines to be true or what you want to believe to be true or what you have looked up on the Internet and found through cross checking to be what you want to believe to be true. because as I said above every thing you look up has pros and con's to it. Well except for something like... well red is red and white is white, right? but then again they both have many shades to them now don't they. (I think you get my meaning)<br /><br />Take Wikipedia you can look up pretty much anything on anything and it will explain it to you (in my opinion) this is a very good sight to look shit up! You can prove the conspiracy theory's either right or wrong depending on what one (conspiracy theory) you look up and how you interpret the information given to you by Wikipedia.<br /><br />But again, I can also find sights or statements that say Wikipedia is all bullshit (biased) pointing you towards what they want you to believe to be true.<br /><br />When asking people to stop believing in what the media and/or the governments of the world are telling you is true and look shit up your self and you decide what is true. I posted three sights to go to to search for what is true or not and to cross check with these three sights to determine what each said on any given subject and then find out which one you want to use to look up or debunk the bullshit emails you get or as I said before, the government and/or the media is telling you.<br /><br /><a href="http://www.factcheck.org/" target="_blank">factcheck.org/</a><br /><a href="http://www.truthorfiction.com/search.htm" target="_blank">http://www.truthorfiction.com/search.htm</a><br /><a href="http://www.snopes.com/" target="_blank">http://www.snopes.com/</a><br />Lets take Snopes.com I've found sights that say Snopes.com is all bullshit. (which would apply to the other two also I'm sure) Go here http://www.eons.com/groups/topic/1232703-The-Truth-about-Snopes-amp-its-Agenda- <br /><br />They say Snopes.com are bias and just tell you what they want you to believe.(as I am against religion, liars and thieves) or that Wikipedia is the perfect example of a few morons ruining a good idea. Go here: <span style="color: #ff8312; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: blue;">http://www.kobrasrealm.net/kobra/index.php?177</span> </span><br /><br />And I understand that most people out there are either computer illiterate (I don't mean that as an insult, so don't take it the wrong way) or just don't have the time to look everything up and cross check it.<br /><br />And this is ok! (Not everyone can sit and do this shit all day or has the time to do it all day as I have)<br /><br />All I'm asking is to find a sight that you trust to tell you the truth or closest to what you believe to be the truth and stop listening to what the Government and/or the media or the bullshit emails that are sent around the world (mostly by racist or ass holes) and look shit up your self!<br /><br />In closing:<br /><br />When you get right down to it, the truth is what you want to believe is true, whether that be on religion, evolution, politics, global warming, the world coming to an end in the year 2012, God, planet X, the tooth fairy or Santa Clause.<br /><br />Just don't believe what everyone else is telling you is true!<br /><br />And I have one simple question to ask you to prove my point.<br /><br />When the person that told you Santa Clause was all bullshit, and you believed what they said to be the truth and you told your mom and dad that it was all bullshit, and you stopped believing in Santa.<br /><br />Has he left you any presents under the tree since then?<br /><br />Don't believe what others want you to believe! or one day your going to wake up with out a free, environmentally clean, world to live in. <br /><br />And that my friend, is the TRUTH!!!<br /><br />Look shit up!!!<br /><br />Or go here: http://rcoldguy1.blogspot.com/<br /><br />Where I post what I believe to be true, well.... except for the parts I make up my self :)<br /><br />Love Always<br /> &<br />Forever Peace<br /><br />RColdguy In search of the truth, in the name of freedom, for I truly believe, The truth will set us free!!!<br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TLntUxz9J_I/AAAAAAAAAJM/wdTPI8Y7FbQ/s1600/Purgatory+I+think+I%27m+going+to+like+it+here.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TLntUxz9J_I/AAAAAAAAAJM/wdTPI8Y7FbQ/s320/Purgatory+I+think+I%27m+going+to+like+it+here.bmp" width="239" /></a></div><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span id="search" style="visibility: visible;"></span>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-26902784662241599792010-10-11T14:48:00.001-07:002020-03-19T22:55:49.280-07:00The Truth Hurts!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TLMuAUrp2gI/AAAAAAAAAHk/-sjwQMfqnW4/s1600/372.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Are You A sheep?A Lemming? or Freethinker?</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TLMuAUrp2gI/AAAAAAAAAHk/-sjwQMfqnW4/s1600/372.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TLMuAUrp2gI/AAAAAAAAAHk/-sjwQMfqnW4/s1600/372.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/TLMuAUrp2gI/AAAAAAAAAHk/-sjwQMfqnW4/s1600/372.gif" /></a><span style="font-size: xx-small;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">Sheep to Slaughter ( <span class="crossverse"><a href="http://bible.cc/psalms/44-22.htm">Psalm 44:22</a>) </span>Lemming Mass Suicide (Myth)</span> Free Thinker (Facts=Truth)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>Lately I have been questioning that: "If you do something for what you believe to be the right reason's, does it mean that it's the right thing to do"?<br /><br />I have known most of you for biggest part of your lives, So I have but one question to ask of you now.<br /><br />If you can name but one (just one) or find just one person out there that I have ever met talk to or dealt with in my life that I have ever lied to,??<br /><br /><b>Then don't read on, Just delete this E-mail NOW!!!</b><br /><br />Because I may have been a lot of things in my life, But I'm not a liar and I'm not a thief!!!<br /><br />I don't believe in God or religion, but when my children or grandchildren ask me if there is a God, I tell them that I don't believe there is (but then I tell them) That doesn't mean that there is no God, it just means that I don't believe there is. I don't know! No one does!<br /><br />When asked about religion, I tell them what I believe and then I tell them that religion (the belief in God) is not a bad thing if it makes you a better person. It's the people that use Gods name (their religious beliefs) to deceive you and cause harm to their fellow man that is Bad!!<br /><br />The only belief that I can honestly say makes any sense at all to me comes from the North American Indian, They believe in the sun, the moon, the stars and the rain, the wind and mother earth, that gives them sustenance. Things you can see, feel, and reach out and touch! Not in a man made religion that is based completely on blind faith!<br /><br />I do what I do because care! About the world, about mankind, about my children, about my grandchildren and I care what happens to our future and the future of this planet!<br /><br />Money has never meant that much to me, I guess because I truly believe that money IS the root of all evil.<br /><br />I've never backed down from anyone in my life, not at work, not on the street and not from the Government.<br /><br />I've won most of my battles with honesty, at work (against management) in the union (against union policy) with my fellow man and with or against any government agency that I have dealt with, because you can't argue with the truth and most people that are trying to deceive you, are doing so by lying to you.<br /><br />I have always stood up for what I believe is right, even if it could cost me a beating, my job, my family, a friend or my life.<br /><br />I'm not scared of living and I'm sure as hell not scared of dieing, I'm not scared of the here after! because I've lived my life believing in Good! not God, by speaking the truth even if it would hurt the one I love! because I can deal with the truth, I can't deal with a lie! and because I truly believe that the truth will set us free!<br /><br />Unfortunately sometimes the truth Hurts! because you can't sugar coat the truth! I have offended people in my life because where as most people want you to tell them the truth, most people really don't want to hear the truth.<br /><br />I have in the past been accused of bombarding people with the shit I send them, I have been accused of supporting the crazy conspiracy theory's, of being crazy my self, of being paranoid and of just being a pain in the ass. I've been told that people don't read, don't watch, don't listen to and don't pass on the shit I send out in my e-mails.<br /><br />Where as when I sent out an e-mail asking any and everyone if they didn't want me to send them this kind of shit anymore, no one e-mailed me back and said not to (except one) and I got that message second hand and it was because of racist jokes (well not racist really but on the verge, meant to be funny not hurt anyone's feelings) that he didn't find funny, so I deleted his e-mail address from my contact list and haven't sent him anything until just a few days ago because he had a problem with discrepancies in one of the post on my blog. (which I have a hard time understanding, why he follows my blog if he disagrees with what I say)<br /><br />I've been told that people don't listen to what I write down because I can't spell so it looks like I don't know what I'm talking about because I don't have a formal education. (this is true, I only have book one (see Spot run, see Dick jump) <br /><br />When in fact I have educated my self and I'm far more knowledgeable than most people out there that I have met in my life that hold that all mighty peace of paper that says they are smart, even though in reality, they spent their time in school on daddy's dollar partying not on educating them self to make a better world for their family and for mankind.<br /><br />I've been told that people don't take me seriously because I've been stirring up shit all my life and I'm just trying to stir up more shit. I've been told that I've lost most of the people I've known in my life, friends and family by pissing them off (mostly by speaking the truth) <br /><br />This is not true! I have eliminated most people in my life because they didn't live up to my standard of what a friend or family member should be! (I would much rather have one good friend than a shit load of so, so's) <br /><br />I've been told that I have a lot of really good points but that people would take me more seriously if it wasn't for the small discrepancy's in the information that I send out in e-mail or post on my blog (no body's perfect so why do people think that I should be any different) ? <br /><br />And this is all fine with me! I have no regrets in life, not for what I've done or for what I've said (other than what I did to my wife during my stint through male menopause) I can live with my past, I sleep fine (when I sleep) What I can't live with is sitting and doing nothing, when I think the people I love and care about are in danger of losing their right to live in a free and peaceful world. When I see the world my father fought for in the name of freedom turning into a dictatorship run by the elite of the world!<br /><br />The reason I send out the shit I send or post the shit I post.<br /><br />Isn't! because I thing the world is going to end on Dec 22 2012 or that I believe everything they say in the conspiracy theory's, it's not because I'm tying to change anyone view's about God, religion or the hear after, it's not because I believe that plant X is gong to come back and destroy the world we live in, it's not because I believe big brother is going to put chips in everyone so they can control and track them where ever they go. <br /><br />Nobody knows what the future is going to be. I don't sit around worrying about it, I just think everyone should be aware of it, I'm hoping with every breath I take that the future will be a wonderful and beautiful place for my grandchildren and their grandchildren.<br /><br />I don't post conspiracy theories on my Blog I post what I think people should be aware of and if someone complains about a discrepancy in my post, I take it down until I can put it back up with either the truth (or as close as I can come to the truth) or with the discrepancies removed<br /><br />Most people out there believe, can see, or have a good idea that something in this world we live in, is not right! <br /><br />Everyone out there knows someone or has heard of someone that was either hurt by or destroyed by the so called rescission we are in today. <br /><br />The banks (the rich) deceived us with low interest rates, they knew the bubble had to brake sooner or later and yet they did it anyway, all in the name of making more money. and then we, the average people, bailed them out? This is not right!! it's NOT fare, and everyone you talked to agrees with this, but did anyone get punished for it? NO!! <br /><br /><br />We bailed out the banks (the rich the elite), what happened to the millions or billions that they made off the poor for five years before the bubble broke? no one knows, no one seams to care anymore, everyone I know was very upset at the time but the media (controlled and run by the elite) has buried it and people have just excepted it and moved on with there lives. <br /><br />We have turned our back on Pearl Harbor, we have tuned our back on 9/11, we have turned our back on the assassination of President Kennedy.<br /><br />WHY?<br /><br />Is this right? NO <br /><br />But it's true! People forget they move on they turn a bind eye and they follow like sheep! <br /><br />I wish I could, I truly do! but I can't for the simple reason that, it goes against everything I believe in!<br /><br />They (the Rich, the elite the 1%, if you will) have used scare tactics to take away our rights to take away our guns to take away our freedom and they have used the media (their propaganda tool) to do all this! <br /><br />If we have no guns we can't fight back! if we can't find the truth we can't hold the ones responsible for the atrocity's for their crimes against humanity,and they know this and they are working and have been working for years towards the so called New World Order. (read my blog, see what this will mean for you and your family) <br /><br />I try to warn people, I try to give them the best information available to me, to show them what is happening in the world today, so that they can at the very lest be aware of what is happening in the world around them. That the media is not and will not tell them.<br /><br />I'm not asking you to take my word for any of this, I'm not asking you to believe the conspiracy theories. <br /><br />I'm asking you to stop listening to the media and the Government and look it up your self!!!<br /><br />People are more concerned with Oprah getting molested as a child or President Clinton getting a blow job than they are of President Bush raping the country or the oil company's raping the world resources all in the name of money!<br /><br />Why? because the media focuses on the smut to distract you from the truth! That's why!<br /><br /><span style="font-size: small;">Look up </span>the law suits that Coca Cola has settled in/or out of court in the last 10 years. Look up what Big businesses has done or is doing all in the name of more money for their share holders, look up how the Pope has tried to hide the child molesters in the flock, look up the rich (the elite) that have made money through out the last two world wars and during all the wars since.<br /><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: small;">LOOK UP: THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANK</span> and see who really owns it?<br /> <br />LOOK UP: The Bush family and their relationship with Osama Bin Laden and his family! and the New World Order<b> </b><b><br /> </b><br />LOOK UP:<b> </b>The Rockefeller family and their connection to the New World Order!<br /><br />LOOK UP:<br />Nelson W. Aldrich- Representative of Rockefeller.<br />Benjamin Strong - Representative of Rockefeller.<br />Frank A. Vanderlip - Representative of Rockefeller.<br />John D. Rockefeller - Rockefeller him self.<br /><br />Search the Net check the web sights! (while you still can)<br /><br />All a you need to do is read the Wikipedia website and there should no longer be any doubt amongst Americans, Canadians or the world in general about the mere existence of a "New World Order" and the Rockefeller role in it. It is here now, a living and breathing "global" institute, though hidden still to most Americans eyes. Still, the question somehow remains, did this N.W.O. begin as a "benevolent institution" and, if so, does it still have any such "benevolent" qualities remaining?<br /><br />It's not their children that are being bombed, it's not their children that are being killed fighting these wars!<br /><br />These are not conspiracy theories, they are cover ups!!! <br /><br />Look them up, research them, you will find more prof than lies. but stop believing what the media and the government is telling you!!!<br /><br /><span style="font-size: medium;">Look it up for your self!</span><br /><br />The terrorist that hide behind black mask are not our problem!<br /><br />The terrorist that hide behind the lies are the problem and what we should really be scared of!<br /><br />What really scares me, is that we are on the verge of losing the freedom of the Internet and people need to be aware of this, what scares me it that there is a really good chance that if we lose the Internet the world powers will succeed in turning this world we love so dearly into a New World Order. Run by a dictatorship (the elite)<br /><br /><br />What scares me is that if they succeed in taking away all our guns we wont have a chance of fighting back and stopping this from happening. What scares me is that people sit and watch TV and listen to what the world powers want you to hear and see and turn a blind eye to what is really going on!<br /><br />If we lose the Internet and if we continue to turn a blind eye to what is really going on in this world. We are truly doomed and so is the future of our children and their children and life as we know it today.<br /><br />So I'm asking you, if you care anything at all about your children's future, watch this documentary and pass it on to as many people as you can.<br /><br />After that, if you want me to stop sending you this kind of shit, then say so and I will delete your address or I will only send you jokes Up to you? <br /><br />Because if we're not going to do what ever we can to protect our future generations freedom, then we might just as well go out laughing. (that is if you truly think your children and the future of your grandchildren is a joke)<br /><br />The man in this video (who has a very soothing hypnotic voice so be careful! I had to start it over several times my self because I kept falling asleep) takes all the conspiracy theory's and puts it all together so you will at least think about what is really going on out there, he's not saying any of them are right! he's not saying any of them are going to happen, all he's saying, is that they are all a possibly (he has a lot of very good points) <br /><br />He is saying that something is wrong, Turn off the TV and research the things he is talking about! <br /><br />Don't just sit there blindly believing everything the media (the government) is telling you! or big business filling your head with commercials and/or subliminal advertising that are trying to sell you something you really don't want or need, <br /><br />Turn off the radio, turn off the news, put down the paper and look shit up for your self while you still can!<br /><br />But before you watch the video, watch to the clip I have attached and listen to what President Kennedy said and remember what happened to him! then watch the documentary and you decide, are all these people just wasting their time and money trying to warn us about something that's not true, or is something really wrong out there?<br /><br />You don't need the designer cloths to be cool with real friends! You don't need all the make up to be beautiful!<br /><br />Beauty comes from with in! not from air bushed pictures in a magazines as they would like you to believe!, you don't need the new cars to get where you are going in life! and you sure as hell don't need their blood money to find happiness with your loved ones!<br /><br />Try to look at the big picture not the individual pixels<i> </i>that's it's made from.<br /><br />Up to you! <br /><br />I've done what I think is best for the people I love and care about.<br /><br />But at least I didn't sit and do nothing!<br /><br />Pass this e-mail on! <br /><br />Send people to my blog <a href="http://rcoldguy1.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">http://rcoldguy1.blogspot.com/</a> <br /><br />Let them read what I have been saying through the years. <br /><br />Let them decide if a man with no formal education could put down on paper what he feels in his heart with out making a few errors in spelling or grammar along the way. <br /><br />Let the world decide if I'm paranoid, crazy or just trying to tell the truth, so that people will at least be aware of what is going on in this world!<br /><br />People need to open their eyes and see the truth! and yes sometimes the truth hurts but you can only avoid it for so long before it catches up with you and bites you in the ass!!!<br /><br />I only hope for our future generations sake, that it won't be to late!<br /><br />Because maybe the only real problem here is that YOU have stopped believing in ME!<br /><br />R.Coldguy: In search of the truth, in the name of freedom, for I truly believe that the truth will set us free!!!<br /><br />P.S<br /><br />I would like you to watch two very shot clips before you leave. One is a message from President Kennedy's speech on Conspiracy & Secret Society's (one of the greatest men that ever lived as far as I'm concerned) I had to cut it down so it would fit in this e-mail go here if you want to see to he whole video: <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeYgLLahHv8" target="_blank">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeYgLLahHv8</a><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxha_ecfzL84mWfUve15lSiAl-2rXcdE7SVyHBHgA_VJXoswYOD9cceX4ZrygVYGpOODwcyWXreRHMZFgtgfQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div> <br /><br />I apologize to anyone from China that can't get to this speech, I tried to find it elsewhere, but I couldn't:) sorry! You could try my blog <a href="http://rcoldguy1.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">http://rcoldguy1.blogspot.com/ </a>Not sure if China is blocking it :)<br /><br /><br />The other one is from a man named Bill Hicks, "who is Bill Hicks" (Look it up)<br /><br /><b><br /></b><br /><b>I would just like to note here that: </b><br /><br />If we used all the money that we are wasting on the war on terror and the war on drugs and used that money to help the people (the starving children of the world, the poor in the third world county's and the unfortunates in this world that have an addiction problem so that we can stop putting our children in jail for an addiction!) we could solve most if not all of the problems in the world today and make it a better place for all of man kind no matter what your race or religious beliefs many be!<br /><br />R.Coldugy<br />===========================<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwBkR0yjjRRQwKdmhAL6H_7z2xuX_mowjP_a9POxfhMWyNrKtO2AaLKvQWbLqmYqORqbURRRsD2KdSEmaZP_g' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><b>This is what he had to say about our world and how we can change it.</b></span> <br /><br /><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Bill Hicks (1961 - 1994 R.I.P</b></span><br /><br />The world is like a ride in an amusement park and when we choose to go on it we think it's real, because that's how powerful our minds are. And it goes up and down and round and round, it has thrills and chills and its very brightly colored and very loud, and it's fun - for a while. <br /><div align="left">Some people have been on the ride for a long time and after a while they begin to question: Is this real, or is it just a ride? But some people have remembered, and they come back to us and they say. "Hey, don't worry and don't be afraid ever, because this is just a ride" - and we kill those people... </div><div align="left">"Shut him up! Ive got a lot invested in this ride... Look at my furrows of worry... Look at my big bank account... Look at my family... This <b><i>has</i></b> to be real"</div><div align="left">But it's just a ride.</div><div align="left">But we always kill those good guys who try to tell us that and we let the demons run amok. But it doesn't matter, because it's just a ride - and we can change it any time we want. </div><div align="left">All we need is the choice. </div><div align="left">No effort, no work, no job, no savings or money - just a choice - right now - between fear & love. </div><div align="left">The eyes of fear want you to put bigger locks on your doors, buy guns and and close yourself off, the eyes of love instead, see all of us as one.</div><div align="left">Here's what we can do to change the world to a better ride right now. Take all the money we spend on weapons and defence every year and instead spend it feeding, clothing and educating the poor of the world, which it would many times over, not one human being excluded and we can explore space...together...both inner and outer...forever......in peace.</div><div align="right">- Bill Hicks (1961 - 1994 R.I.P.)</div><br /><br />========================<br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>The documentary:</b></span><br /><br />If you don't do anything else in your life, watch this video! and you decide if any of this shit is true?<br /><br /><br /><b>The Big Picture Final Cut</b> <a href="http://www.thecrowhouse.com/bigpic.html" target="_blank">http://www.thecrowhouse.com/bigpic.html</a><br /><br /> For every question regarding our world, there is a conspiracy theory offered from some quarter claiming to address it. These conspiracy theories number into the hundreds and they are nearly always dead ends, or at best, lead to another conspiracy and so on, ad infinitum. Even though it’s become obvious to most that something is not quite right, and that some sort of global conspiracy does indeed exist, it is still hard to see exactly what it is, and where the truth really lies.<br /><div align="justify">It is time the people of the world stood up and paid heed to the urgency and importance. Yet, you say, even if one were to do so, then how do we the ordinary individual, ever get to the bottom of this? And if we do ever get to the bottom of it, then what are we to do then? And those are both very good questions.</div><div align="justify">Well, the best way to start is to get all fluoride out of your diet and gain an understanding of history. Then learn to look at each news story from a global perspective. Disregard most of what the announcer tells you to believe, and place the event where it belongs, on the Global stage. Then ask yourself that old Greek adage – Cu Bono.</div>Who Benefits? And more importantly, when you discover a truth, uncover a lie, or find an anomaly, tell your friends. Spread the information as far and wide as you can reach because the media most certainly will not. However the most important thing of all in order to be able to do either of the above is to be aware of your surroundings in a global sense.<br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">George Carlin said it a little differantly but the truth just the same: </span></b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwH38YGNW2be9o-pUb_8tfA_-yZnd5Emt9XsVc2uUnubKNci_wzZMpbzGL8VdRbWz7r3Z2wt_02QX4Jv1hMwQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-84951317852191981932010-08-29T02:16:00.005-07:002020-11-18T05:59:13.512-08:00The Garbage Man<p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><b>The Garbage man</b></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">The Garbage Man or The Sanitation Engineer for you younger folk : </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">I've been giving, water, pop, juice ( whatever happened to be the coldest at the time) to the garbage men during the hot summer months, I don't know how long I've been doing this (old age ya see) but I was thinking the other day, in all this time, no one has asked why and then I thought, "What am I going to tell them when and if one of them does ask why. (they don't have time to stop and talk you see) so maybe they will read this and then they will understand why. </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">It wasn't because it was hot (hell nobody brought me a cold drink when I was hot). And I couldn't just say it was because of a nice man named Jimmy Wilkes. </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">I had to laugh when the picture of Jimmy popped into my head. You see Jimmy was a man that made you laugh and he was a man that loved kids and loved life!</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Jimmy was our garbage man, he came around once a week on the back of a garbage truck picking up peoples garbage, the garbage trucks back then looked pretty much the same as they do today, one guy driving and one picking up the garbage, Old Jimmy he was always on the back.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">I call him old because to me at the time he was old, though you would never know it because when Jimmy would go by on the back of that truck there where always 4,5,6.... hell there where always a bunch of kids running behind the truck (note to kids today, don't do this at home :) </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Jimmy loved kids, he was just a big kid himself, he would tease them, joke with them and himself, he'd sing, dance, you name it, Jimmy would do it all just to make the kids laugh, all while picking up other peoples garbage and all so Jimmy could do what he loved most in life, play baseball.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">You see Jimmy use to play for the Brantford Red Socks, this was back when you didn't get paid for playing baseball (or if you did it wasn't enough to get by on) he picked up garbage so he could raise a family and still do what he loved.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">I didn't know Jimmy as a baseball player other than on one Saturday afternoon a friend of mine and I snuck into seeing one of the games between Listowel and Brantford. </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">The way I remember it Jimmy was one of the best baseball players in the world, we cheered for him and yelled his name, "Go Jimmy Go!" It was a great day watching our hero as he played the game he loved so much. </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">I didn't know what happened to Jimmy or his baseball career until just a few years ago. But it wasn't the Baseball, That's not what I remember him for. </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">I remember him for the laughter he brought to all those kids and the difference he had made in my life.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">You see, Jimmy was black and I'm sure if you asked any of those other kids today, they would tell you that at the time, we didn't see Jimmy as a black man the color of his skin didn't matter, Jimmy was just a very nice man on the back of a garbage truck that made us kids laugh! and we all loved it when garbage day rolled around each week and we would run behind the truck, all of us, wanting to grow up and become a garbage man just like Jimmy.</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">We didn't see a black man, hell I didn't even know what a black man was until I went out into the world, that's how we were raised back then (thanks Mom) and with me, as I'm sure is true with the other kids Jimmy touched in his life, whenever I have run into prejudice in my life, I would think of Jimmy and remember that the color of a man's skin is not what is important, it's the man inside! </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">And this is why I give the garbage men a cold drink on a hot summer day because Jimmy taught me some of the most important things I've learned in my life. </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">He taught me to laugh, at and with others, he taught me to laugh at my self, he taught me that there are good people in this world, no matter the color of their skin, and Jimmy taught me that it didn't matter what you did in life for a living, what was important is that you laugh, have fun and do whatever it takes to follow your dreams. </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">So to the garbage men out there that have had a cold drink brought out to you on a hot summer day. I do appreciate what you are doing! But as for the cold drink. It's just my way of saying: </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Thanks, Jimmy!!! You'll never know what a difference you made in my life! </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Ray </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><br /></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Go here if you like, as it turns out, Jimmy Wilkes was quite a man! and not just in my eyes :)</span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> </span><a class="editor-rtfLink" href="https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/jimmy-wilkes/" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #4a6ee0; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;" target="_blank"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"> https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/jimmy-wilkes/</span></a></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">James E. Jimmy Wilkes (Seabiscuit) </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Born: October 1, 1925, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania </span></p><p style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #0e101a; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;"><span data-preserver-spaces="true" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;">Died: August 11, 2008, Brantford, ON.</span></p>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-68601374077827922052009-10-15T06:50:00.001-07:002020-11-18T01:54:38.185-08:00Mankind is but a virus that Mother Nature hasn't found a cure for yet!<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SxEB5GH_r4I/AAAAAAAAAE8/vf7omNSVsqY/s1600/shutterstock_13776868.png"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SxEB5GH_r4I/AAAAAAAAAE8/vf7omNSVsqY/s320/shutterstock_13776868.png" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409106707856994178" /></a><br /><span style="font-style:italic;"><span style="font-weight:bold;"></span></span>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-34530447445029578272009-09-22T18:53:00.001-07:002020-03-19T22:55:49.603-07:00Proud to be Canadian!<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SrmC7Et8PZI/AAAAAAAAADs/ccoBPa93HHA/s1600-h/image001.jpg"><img style="margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 201px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SrmC7Et8PZI/AAAAAAAAADs/ccoBPa93HHA/s320/image001.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5384478780888464786" border="0" /></a><br />I got this in an e-mail, I don't know who wrote it, but I couldn't agree more if I had of wrote it my self!<br /><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">A Letter to the Editor (excellent letter)<br /><br />So many letter writers have explained how this land is made up of immigrants. Maybe we should turn to our history books and point out to people why today's Canadian is not willing to accept the new kind of immigrant any longer.<br /><br />Back in 1900 when there was a rush from all areas of Europe to come to Canada, people had to get off a ship and stand in a long line in Halifax and be documented. Some would even get down on their hands and knees and kiss the ground. They made a pledge to uphold the laws and support their new country in good and bad times. They made learning English a primary rule in their new Canadian households and some even changed their names to blend in with their new home. They had waved good bye to their birth place to give their children a new life and did everything in their power to help their children assimilate into one culture.<br /><br />Nothing was handed to them. No free lunches, no welfare, no labour laws to protect them. All they had were the skills, craftsmanship and desire they had brought with them to trade for a future of prosperity.<br /><br />Most of their children came of age when World War II broke out. Canadians fought along side men whose parents had come straight over from Germany, Italy, France, Japan, Czechoslovakia, Russia, Sweden , Poland and so many other places. None of these first generation Canadians ever gave any thought about what country their parents had come from. They were Canadians fighting Hitler, Mussolini and the Emperor of Japan. They were defending the Freedom as one people. When we liberated France, no-one in those villages was looking for the Ukrainian-Canadian or the German-Canadian or the Irish-Canadian. The people of France saw only Canadians.<br /><br />And we carried one flag that represented our country. Not one of those immigrant sons would have thought about picking up another country's flag and waving it to represent who they were. It would have been a disgrace to their parents who had sacrificed so much to be here. These immigrants truly knew what it meant to be a Canadian. They stirred the melting pot into one red and white bowl.<br /><br />And here we are in 2009 with a new kind of immigrant who wants the same rights and privileges. Only they want to achieve it by playing with a different set of rules, one that includes a Canadian passport and a guarantee of being faithful to their mother country. I'm sorry, that's not what being a Canadian is all about. Canadians have been very open-hearted and open-minded regarding immigrants, whether they were fleeing poverty, dictatorship, persecution, or whatever else makes us think of those aforementioned immigrants who truly did ADOPT our country, and our flag and our morals and our customs. And left their wars, hatred, and divisions behind. I believe that the immigrants who landed in Canada in the early 1900s deserve better than that for the toil, hard work and sacrifice those legally searching for a better life. I think they would be appalled that they are being used as an example by those waving foreign country flags, fighting foreign battles on our soil, making Canadians change to suit their religions and cultures, and wanting to change our countries fabric by claiming discrimination when we do not give in to their demands.<br /><br />Its about time we get real and stand up for our forefathers rights, we are CANADIAN Lest we forget it!!! I am a Native of this Country & proud of it!<br /><br /> NO MORE POLITICAL CORRECTNESS<br />NO MORE not saying CHRISTMAS in stores and our schools!<br /> MERRY CHRISTMAS !!!<br />I Want my Canada of birth BACK !!! <br /><br />P.S. -- Please pass this on to everyone you know!!!<br /> KEEP THIS LETTER MOVING!!<br /><br />Hope this letter is read by millions of people all across Canada !!!<span style="font-style: italic;"></span></span>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-57272914236432424222009-07-26T07:03:00.001-07:002020-03-19T22:55:50.959-07:00Right Turn ClydeI was talking to my grandson the other day and he was saying that his mom (my daughter) said there are not two people inside of us like I had told him earlier. <br /><br />I beg to differ!<br /><br />I had told him that:<br /><br />We (man) is capable of doing what ever anyone before him has done. (good or bad) given the same life the same upbringing the same time and space as say Columbus. <br /><br />It could have been anyone that discovered America. Old Chris was not chosen by the gods to discover America. He ended up discovering America because of the decisions he made in his life (the roads he traveled) right from birth. <br /><br />The roads you travel and the things you accomplished are decided by the decisions you make in your life, the choice's you make determine the road you will travel. And the road you travel through life leads you to where you end up at the end of your time here in this life <br /><br />If you choose to do good things, then you will travel that road. (Right Turn)<br /><br />That same rule applies if you choose to do bad things. Then that is the road you will travel. (Left Turn)<br /> <br />Take Hitler (or any other person from man's history if you like)Hitler got to where he was by the decisions he made in life which lead him through the roads he traveled.(Left Turn)<br /><br />If you (or anyone for that matter) where to make the same decisions as Hitler you would end up where Hitler ended up in life. You would have ended up traveling the same road he traveled. (Left Turn)<br /><br />This would also apply to anyone else in our history male of female.<br /><br />Take the Dali lama, if you where in the same situation, the same place the same time the same environment around you the same upbringing and you made the same dissensions that the Dali Lama has made to end up where he is today, then you would or could be the Dali Lama.<br /><br />He wasn't born to be the Dali Lama and it wasn't fate that made him do good things, he just made the right decisions at every cross road in his life that lead him threw the many roads he traveled to end up where he is today. (Right Turn)<br /><br />When you choose to do good, it's a mental choice, you know right from wrong, you choose good or bad. And in turn this leads you to the next cross road in your life, which leads you to your next decision and so on so forth.<br /><br />It only stands to reason that if Hitler was in the same time and space as the Dali Lam and Hitler made the same decisions the Dali Lama has made in his life, the road Hitler would have trailed would be where the Dali Lama is today.(Right Turn)<br /><br />Two people, both completely different people from our history. One that has done nothing but good and one that has done nothing but bad, but if they had of made the same decisions as their counter part, they both could have ended up in the others place in history. <br /><br />Hitler and the Dali Lama had the choice to do good or evil and by those choices, they ended up traveling the roads that lead them to their place in our history.<br /><br />You can choose to do good (that's the good person inside you)or you can choose to do bad. (That’s the bad person inside you)<br /><br />Thus there are indeed two people inside you and you have the choice of which one you let run your life and lead you through the roads you travel.<br /><br />That being said:<br /><br />You could have done what ever anyone before you has done in our history, If you had of been raised in the same situation and had of choose to make those same decisions, then that is the road you would have travel in life.<br /> <br />You have the choice of the road you want to travel in life by the decisions you make and you will end up where your decisions have taken you.<br /><br />There are two people inside you, Good and Evil it is up to you to make that decision, no one else can do that for you.<br /><br />Enjoy the ride my friend and remember, the final decision is always up to you!<br /><br />So you have no one to blame but your self for the roads you have to travel through life!<br /><br />Right Turn Clyde!<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SxEDEujc4wI/AAAAAAAAAFE/96m1laGZCXo/s1600/See+Hear+Speak.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SxEDEujc4wI/AAAAAAAAAFE/96m1laGZCXo/s320/See+Hear+Speak.JPG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409108007199761154" /></a><br /><br />R.ColdguyR.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-23315323047213803462009-07-18T14:15:00.001-07:002016-07-12T06:18:54.092-07:00Nothing to Worry about<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SxEDfKto5UI/AAAAAAAAAFM/BGnLpJakUSQ/s1600/Purgatory65.PNG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 293px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SxEDfKto5UI/AAAAAAAAAFM/BGnLpJakUSQ/s400/Purgatory65.PNG" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409108461435282754" /></a><br /><br />There are only two things in life that are worth worrying about; whether you'll be healthy or whether you'll get sick. <br /><br />If you're healthy there's really nothing to worry about, If you get sick there's still only two things worth worrying about, whether you'll get better or whether you'll die. <br /><br />If you get better there's really nothing to worry about, If you die there's still only two things worth worrying about, whether you'll go to heaven or whether you'll go to hell.<br /><br />If you go to heaven there's really nothing to worry about and If you go the hell you'll be so dam busy shaking hands with old friends you won't have time to worry. <br /><br />So enjoy life my f<span style="font-weight:bold;"><span style="font-style:italic;"><span style="font-style:italic;"></span></span></span>riend!!! <br /><br />Because as long as you have old friends like me.<br /><br />You really don't have anything to worry about. <br /><br />Love Always<br /> & <br />Forever Peace<br /><br />Old Friend<br /> <br />R.ColdguyR.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-76167144921390965222009-07-12T17:48:00.001-07:002020-03-19T22:55:51.849-07:00Your Right to Bear Arms<span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-style: italic;"><span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">In no way shape or form do I claim any credit for any of the work that went in to putting this to gather.</span><br /><br />I just think it's important that Canadians know they have the right to bare arms.</span></span></span><br /><br />R.Coldguy<span style="font-style: italic;"></span></span></span><br /><br /><br />How the Firearms Act (Bill C-68)Violates the Charter of <br /><br />Rights and Freedoms (Summary)<br /><br />Summary of the study prepared by Dr. Ted Morton for: <br /><br />The Responsible Firearm Owners of Alberta,the Responsible Firearm Owners Coalition of British Columbia and the Recreational Firearms Community of Saskatchewan. <br /><br />First presented in Saskatoon, October 5, 2002 <br />In 1995 the federal government introduced Bill C-68, a bill to change firearms legislation in Canada. After passage it is correctly identified as "Statutes of Canada 1995, Chapter 39." <br /><br />It incorporates two parts: the new Firearms Act and changes to the existing Criminal Code. Throughout this paper the legislation will be referred to by it's short title The Firearms Act. <br /><br />In 1999 when the Supreme Court rejected Alberta's (and seven other government's) constitutional challenge that the Firearms Act was outside of the federal government's jurisdiction, the Supreme Court began by declaring that: <br /><br />"The issue before this Court is not whether gun control is good or bad, whether the law is fair or unfair to gun owners, or whether it will be effective or ineffective in reducing the harm caused by the misuse of firearms."<br /><br />That was true for the law of federalism. It is not true under the Charter of Rights. If a law is found to violate a Charter right, the Supreme Court has ruled that the burden of proof shifts to the government to prove that the law is "rationally connected" to its purpose and that it impairs the rights involved "as little as possible." While the [stated] purpose of the Firearms Act -- to reduce the use of firearms in violent crime -- is laudable and shared by all law-abiding Canadians, its licensing and registration requirements do nothing to achieve this end. <br /><br />As summarized below, the Firearms Act violates the Charter in many ways. If the Supreme Court applies the same Charter rules to law-abiding firearm owners as it has to drunk-drivers, drug dealers, prostitutes, pimps, single parent welfare recipients, abortion providers, murderers, refugee claimants and owners of child pornography, that is -- if it applies the law of the land even handedly -- then it will be forced by its own precedents to declare the Firearms Act unconstitutional. <br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Right to Liberty</span><br /><br />The Supreme Court has broadly interpreted the right to liberty (section 7 of the Charter) to protect "an irreducible sphere of personal autonomy wherein individuals may make inherently private choices free from state interference." The <br /><br />Firearms Act interferes with this liberty by making illegal the mere act of owning a firearm inside one's own home. It does so without any evidence of harm to others, the prerequisite for limiting a citizen's freedom. <br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Right to Security of the Person</span><br /><br />The Firearms Act violates the right to security of the person (section 7) by taking away the ability of citizens to defend their own homes and property. The right to bear arms for the protection of one's home, family and property has been recognized in English common law for over 200 hundred years. It is affirmed in the writings of Locke and Blackstone. This right is imported into Canadian law by the preamble to the BNA Act (1867) and by section 26 of the Charter. <br /><br />The Firearms Act deprives Canadians of this right by making them completely dependent upon prompt police response in the case of home invasion and robbery. This deprivation is especially harsh for the thousands of Canadians who live in rural areas where police response is often hours after a 911 call has been placed. <br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />Right to Procedural Fairness</span><br /><br />The manner in which the Firearms Act is administered and enforced violates the rules of procedural fairness mandated by section 7 of the Charter ("principles of fundamental justice"). In the context of their abortion ruling, the Supreme Court ruled that criminal law must be enforced evenly in all parts of Canada. Seven provinces and territories have refused to administer the Firearms Act, creating a "checker-board" pattern of enforcement. What is legal in one part of Canada is illegal in another, and vice versa. The Charter does not permit this. <br /><br />The selective enforcement of the Firearms Act also violates procedural fairness. Since the licensing requirements came into effect in 2000, no charges have been laid except as an additional charge in cases where a firearm has been used in the commission of a separate crime. This double standard violates the principle of uniform enforcement established in the Court's abortion ruling. <br /><br />It also discriminates against individuals who are younger, poorer, less educated, urban and members of visible minorities -- the groups more prone to use firearms in the commission of a crime -- and in favour of unlicensed collectors, farmers, ranchers and hunters, who are generally older, more educated, more affluent and rural/small town. This double standard violates one of the oldest principles of Canada's rule of law tradition: "equality in the application and administration of the law." <br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Section 7</span><br /><br />The Firearms Act violates the section 7 principle prohibiting unlimited administrative discretion. As Justice Conrad observed in her judgment in the Alberta Court of Appeal: "The entire licensing scheme is at the discretion of the Chief Firearms Officer. It is a discretion without minimum standards, or any absolute standards for that matter." This violates the rule of law requirement that, in the words of Dicey, prohibit "government based on the exercise by persons in authority of wide, arbitrary, or discretionary powers of constraint." <br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Right against unreasonable search and seizure<br /></span><br /><br />Section 8 of the Charter prohibits unreasonable search and seizure by the police. The courts have interpreted this to require the police to procure a search warrant from a judge before conducting a search, except in narrowly defined circumstances (e.g., "hot pursuit" or probable loss of evidence). <br /><br />The importance of the warrant requirement is heightened when the premises being searched are a home. Sections 102-105 of the Firearms Act authorize warrantless searches in two instances: if the inspector has the consent of the occupant or has given the occupant "reasonable notice." Since these two exceptions allow the police to conduct searches and seizures -- in private homes -- without prior judicial approval, they violate section 8 of the Charter. <br /><br />The search and seizure powers granted by the Firearms Act are also unconstitutionally broad. They authorize police to enter into private homes "at any reasonable time" and to search "any place where the inspector believes...there is a gun collection or a record [of a gun collection]" and "may open any container...examine any other thing that the inspector finds and take samples of it"; and "require any person to produce for examination or copying any records books of account or other documents." Such sweeping search powers violate the prohibition against police "fishing expeditions" imposed by the section 8 right against unreasonable search and seizure. <br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Right to privacy</span><br /><br />The Supreme Court has also interpreted section 8 to impose a "reasonable expectation of privacy" from government, and applied this principle to protect impaired drivers, marijuana growers, and single parent welfare recipients. An applicant for a firearms license (POL or PAL) under the Firearms Act is forced to answer personal questions about his or her mental health history, personal finance, bankruptcy, drug use, job loss, and relationship breakdowns. The use of similar -- indeed, LESS intrusive -- questions about welfare applicants' personal lives was recently declared unconstitutional by an Ontario court. The use of these highly intrusive questions in the Firearms Act has already been condemned by the federal Privacy Commissioner. <br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Right to be presumed innocent</span><br /><br />Two sections of the Firearms Act (ss.112.4 and107) place the burden of proof on the accused to prove his innocence. This violates the right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty. In Canada, this ancient right in all English-speaking democracies is given new constitutional protection by section 11(d) of the Charter. <br /><br />The Supreme Court has used the right to the presumption of innocence to overturn other sections of the Criminal Code that punish drug-dealers (Oakes, 1986), impaired drivers (Whyte, 1988), pimps (Downey, 1992) and murderers (Chaulk, 1990). The courts will be obliged to extend the same constitutional right to law-abiding firearm owners. <br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />Right against arbitrary detention</span><br /><br />Section 9 of the Charter protects the right against arbitrary detention. The courts have interpreted detention to include being detained by police investigators to be asked questions. <br /><br />(Therens, 1985) Sections 102-105 of the Firearms Act authorize police to demand of any person in a house being searched to provide them with assistance. The Act's use of phrases such as "cause to be used," "cause to be reproduced," "shall," and "require" indicate the coercive nature of the "request" for assistance and therefore constitute a detention as defined in earlier cases. <br /><br />These detentions must be deemed arbitrary when they occur in the context of the two kinds of warrantless searches authorized by the Act. (See "Right against unreasonable search and seizure," above.) The detention is also arbitrary in the context of a warrantless search because it is "at the absolute discretion of the police officer." (Hufsky, 1988). <br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Right to freedom of expression</span><br /><br />Section 2(b) of the Charter protects freedom of expression. The courts have interpreted this to protect not just written or spoken words, but also "expressive" activity such as marching in a protest rally. (Irwin Toy, 1989) The courts have also identified "individual self-fulfillment" as a core good advanced by freedom of expression. Linking these two, the BC Court of Appeal has ruled that "the personal belongings of an individual are an expression of that person's essential self" and that the possession of child pornography is therefore protected by section 2(b) of the Charter. (Sharpe, 1999) <br /><br />Under these precedents, ownership of firearms qualifies as a form of expression protected by the Charter. This is doubly true for collectors of antique or rare firearms. It is also true for those who keep a firearm as a family heirloom to commemorate an ancestor's military service or pioneer roots. <br /><br />These activities are all forms of self-fulfillment. In Keegstra (1990), a case involving hate propaganda, the Supreme Court ruled that the fact that an expressive activity is private and not intended for public consumption confers even greater protection on it. If possession of child pornography and racist propaganda are protected by section 2(b), then certainly possession of firearms enjoy the same or greater protection. <br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Right to bear arms</span><br /><br />The right to bear arms has existed in English common law for at least 300 years and is imported into Canadian law by the preamble of the BNA Act, 1867 and section 26 of the Charter. Section 26 declares that traditional rights not listed in the Charter continue to have force and effect in Canada. The first explicit recognition of the right to bear arms in British-Canadian law occurs in the 1689 Bill of Rights. It is re-affirmed by the celebrated Blackstone in his Commentaries as one of the five most important rights of British subjects; and confirmed in several 18th and 19th century precedents. <br /><br />Although this right is subject to regulation by parliament, in Sparrow (1990), the Supreme Court affirmed that regulation of a right does not automatically extinguish the right. The right to bear arms is thus an historical right of all Canadians; affirmed by section 26 of the Charter. <br /><br />Since the Firearms Act prohibits the mere possession of a firearm -- even for purposes of self-defense in one's own home -- it violates this right. Given the intimate connection between the right of self-defense and to rights to life, liberty and security of the person protected by section 7 of the Charter, the state must justify its violation of this right according to the strict tests mandated by the Oakes precedent. <br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Right to counsel upon arrest or detention<br /></span><br /><br />Section 10(b) of the Charter protects the right to counsel "upon arrest or detention." The courts have interpreted this to mean that police cannot elicit evidence from suspects until or unless counsel (a lawyer) is present or the suspect has knowingly waived that right. <br /><br />Those sections of the Firearms Act (ss.102-105) that allow an inspector to demand ANY person in the house to provide assistance are therefore in violation of section 10(b) of the Charter. <br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Right to property</span><br /><br />The right to property is one of the oldest and most fundamental rights in British-Canadian legal history. The protection of private property against state deprivation can be traced to the Magna Carta (1215); the 1688 Bill of Rights; Locke's Second Treatise (1690), and Blackstone's Commentaries. Like the right to bear arms, the right to property is imported into Canadian law by the preamble to the BNA Act, 1867. <br /><br />The protection of private property rights was one of the highest priorities of the Canadian founders. Canadian citizens' right to private property was confirmed by the 1960 Canadian Bill of Rights. <br /><br />In its 1986 Singh ruling, the Supreme Court affirmed that the rights protected by the Bill of Rights continue in force even if they are not explicitly mentioned in the Charter -- which property is not. However, the Supreme Court has established that it may confer judicially enforceable constitutional protection on "unwritten constitutional principles" that are fundamental to Canadians' historical sense of justice. <br /><br />The Court should be encouraged to add the right to private property to the five principles to which it has already given this protection: judicial independence, federalism, democracy, rule of law and minority rights. Indeed, without respect for the right to private property, these others would quickly become irrelevant.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />Equality Rights</span><br /><br />Section 15 of the Charter prohibits the government from discriminating against Canadians on the basis of irrelevant personal characteristics, particularly members of minority groups that have been historically disadvantaged. While some of the prohibited grounds of discrimination are enumerated in section 15, the Court can add new groups if it deems them to be "analogous" to the enumerated groups. <br /><br />The Firearms Act discriminates unfairly and unreasonably against the following non-enumerated minorities in Canada: <br />rural Canadians and non-aboriginals who depend upon firearms for their livelihood. <br /><br />Rural Canadians are represented by less than 31% of MPs in Parliament, and consequently their legitimate interests are systematically neglected by the majority of MPs who come from urban and suburban constituencies. Rural Canadians -- farmers, ranchers, trappers, and hunters -- regularly and lawfully employ firearms to make their living. <br /><br />The effect of the Firearms Act is to impose taxes and a heavy regulatory burden on the tools of their trade. The Firearms Act also forces them to disclose sensitive personal and financial information, and threaten them with fines and/or incarceration if they fail to comply. It also has the effect of stigmatizing rural Canadians as somehow responsible for the increase in the illegal use of firearms, when in fact this is predominately an urban trend. This is precisely the type of unfair stereotyping of a politically vulnerable minority that section 15 prohibits. <br /><br />The Firearms Act's exemptions for Aboriginals discriminate against similarly situated non-aboriginals on the basis of their race. Parliament realized that many Aboriginals farm, ranch, trap, or hunt for their living and therefore provided exemptions for this sub-group of Aboriginals. While this exemption is reasonable, it is under-inclusive because it excludes non-Aboriginals who farm, ranch, trap, or hunt for their living. <br /><br />The Supreme Court has declared in Vriend (1998) and Law (1999) that statutes that confer a benefit but do not extend the benefit to a similarly situated minority (enumerated or analogous) violate section 15.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />Section 27</span><br /><br />Section 27 directs the courts to interpret the rights protected in the Charter in a manner that is consistent with the protection and preservation of Canada's multicultural heritage. <br /><br />The lawful and legitimate use of firearms -- during the early years of settlement and still today by ranchers, farmers, trappers and hunters -- is an integral part of Canada's multicultural heritage. <br /><br />Section 27 thus enhances all of the preceding rights of Canadian firearm owners. <br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Section 1</span><br /><br />To the extent that the Firearms Act restricts any of the rights listed above, the burden of proof shifts to the government to prove that such restrictions are "reasonable." To do this, the Supreme Court has developed the "Oakes test", which requires the government to demonstrate that the Act: serves an important public policy objective. is rationally connected to that objective. impairs the right in issue as little as possible does more good than harm (proportionality). <br /><br />While the purpose of the Firearms Act -- the reduction of illegal use of firearm violence -- easily qualifies as an important public policy objective, the means used to achieve this objective utterly fail the last three rules of the Oakes test. <br /><br />In 1995 when the Firearms Act was enacted, there was no demonstrable need for new restrictions on firearm owners: <br />• Homicides were at a 25-year low. <br />• Firearms-related suicides were at a 25-year low. <br />• Hospitalizations due to firearms were at an 8-year low. <br /><br />The Firearms Act goes much further than just creating a screening process for those who wish to acquire firearms. It criminalizes the very possession of a firearm in the absence of any wrongdoing or threat of harm to others. <br />Despite the mandatory registration of "restricted" weapons since 1969 robbery rates increased over next 20 years, as did the number of restricted weapons offenses. Handguns have required registration since 1934. <br /><br />Three-quarters of all firearms-related deaths are suicide. Suicide is not a crime; does not threaten public safety; and would not be affected by registration requirements. <br />Over 90 percent of firearms-related violence involves handguns (mostly unregistered). Registering long-guns (shotguns and rifles) will have no effect on this. <br /><br />In all violent crimes in Canada in 1996, only 3 percent involved any type of firearms. Knives and hockey sticks are a more prevalent form of assault weapon. <br /><br />The Firearms Act targets the wrong demographic group. Most firearm-related crimes are committed by younger, urban residents with criminal records. The legal use of firearms is concentrated in older, rural and small town residents. Requiring the latter to register their firearms will have no effect on the former. <br /><br />Evidence presented by the Justice Department to Parliament to justify the need for C-68 in 1995 has since been repudiated as inaccurate by the RCMP. The RCMP stated that the Justice statistics overstated the number of firearms used in violent crimes in 1993 by a factor of 9 (623 compared to 73 in reality). <br /><br />Costs of implementing the Firearms Act have soared from the government's initial estimate of $85 million dollars over five years to over $670* million by July, 2002 -- with no measurable reduction in firearm-related violence. <br /><br />This money has been spent primarily on hiring bureaucrats to run the new registry, not on law-enforcement officers. This money could be more effectively spent on longer incarceration of those convicted of using firearms to commit crimes and cracking down on gun smuggling -- the primary source of firearms used in crime in Canada. (*The Auditor General said in December of 2002 that the costs would be $1 BILLION by 2005) <br /><br />There is no systematic verification of the accuracy of the information reported on registrations. The RCMP has said that it would take another 8.8 years to verify the accuracy of registration information on all shotguns and rifles. In 2002, eight firearm officers responsible for verification have resigned. <br /><br />It was recently disclosed that one out of every six firearms registered has no serial number. This missing information will defeat one of the stated purposes of the Act: assisting police in tracing stolen firearms and firearms used in crimes. <br /><br />The government's claim that the Firearms Act would deliver more effective screening of firearm owners has been contradicted by recently disclosed CFC information. Between 1979 and 1999 under the old FAC system, the "rejection rate" for applicants was .76 percent. Since 1999, the rejection rate for license applications under the new system is .38 percent, only half of the old rate. It is twice as easy for marginal applicants to become licensed under the new law. <br />Recent studies indicate that tougher gun control laws do not result in reduced crime rates or increased public safety. Indeed, they suggest the opposite. <br /><br />In the United States, state attempts to regulate the ownership of guns by law-abiding citizens have resulted in higher violent crime (81%) and murder (127%) rates than in states without such laws. (Lott) <br /><br />Since Great Britain banned all private ownership of handguns in 1997, violent crime rose 10 percent the next year and more than doubled from 1996 to 2000. (Malcom) <br /><br />In Australia, since stringent new gun control laws were introduced in 1997, homicides involving firearms have doubled and armed robberies have increased 166 percent. (Mauser) <br /><br />In 1983, New Zealand discontinued universal registration of firearms after that country's police declared that the policy was a complete failure. <br /><br />In sum, there is no rational connection between the objectives of the Firearms Act and the means used to implement it. It violates multiple sections of the Charter of Rights and is having no effect on reducing the use of firearms in crime or better protecting public safety. <br /><br />Fair-minded judges will have no choice but to declare the Firearms Act unconstitutional and to dismiss any criminal charges brought against law-abiding Canadian citizens for alleged violations of the Act. No Canadian can be convicted or punished for violating a law that is itself unconstitutional. <br /><br />This study of the Firearms Act was directed by Dr. Ted Morton of the University of Calgary and financed by: <br /><br />THE RESPONSIBLE FIREARMS OWNERS OF ALBERTA <br />Box 74, Amisk, AB T0B 0B0 780-888-2417 blued1@telusplanet.net <br />THE RESPONSIBLE FIREARMS OWNERS COALITION OF BC <br />PO Box 93052, Langley, BC V3A 8H2 www.rfocbc.com <br />THE RECREATIONAL FIREARMS COMMUNITY OF SASKATCHEWAN <br />Box 462, Moose Jaw, SK S6H 4P1 www.rfcsask <br />FINANCIAL SUPPORT TO YOUR PROVINCIAL ORGANIZATIONS WOULD BE APPRECIATED <br /><br /><br />Contact: <br /><br />BruceMontague.ca. Donate NOW. <br />CdnShootingSports.org. CSSA. Join Now. <br />FirearmsPositive.com. <br />HandGunban.org. <br />Hands Off My Handguns! <br />Gun-control.ca. <br />DumbLaw.ca. <br /><br /><br /><br />"No man shall ever be debarred the use of arms. The strongest reason for the people to retain the right to keep and bear arms is, as a last resort, to protect themselves against tyranny in government." <br />-- Thomas JeffersonR.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-18264109857265027852009-07-12T08:33:00.001-07:002020-11-18T02:27:05.317-08:00On Religion and War By R.ColdguyAll this ta-do about Religion being the cause of all wars. <br /><br />Religion isn’t the cause of war. MAN IS!!!<br /><br />Wars are MAN made!<br /><br />As are all the religions of the world.<br /><br />And if you take the time to look them both up in the Webster’s Dictionary God and Superman both have the same qualifications.<br /><br />But no one’s running around saying Superman is a God now are they? (well other than me that is)<br /><br />God is a belief, just as Santa Clause is a belief.<br /><br />This does not make God real, any more than believing in Santa Clause <br />Make’s him real.<br /><br />But when the little children believe in Santa Clause, He has a tendency to show up on Christmas morning bringing gifts. <br /><br />We really can’t say the same for people that believe in God now can we?<br /><br />At least I don’t ever remember God showing up on Sunday morning, not in all the years that I attended church anyway.<br /><br />And when you get right down to it Santa Clause has been bringing nothing but happiness to the little children of the world.<br /><br />God on the other hand lets millions of his little children die from starvation every year!<br /><br />Bottom line people; <br /><br />Religion doesn’t start wars man does and we have a far better chance that Superman will save the world than we do that all those unanswered prayers to God will.<br /><br />And to tell you the truth, if I’m going to believe in some imaginary person bringing peace happiness and good will to all men. <br /><br />I think I’ll stick with Santa Clause.<br /><br />He has a better batting average than God. And to my knowledge there’s never been a war fought in the name of Santa :)<br /><br /><span style="font-style:italic;">R.Coldguy</span>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-44816702253214260292009-07-10T05:12:00.001-07:002020-03-19T22:56:02.428-07:00On the Homelss by R.ColdguyHouse the Homeless<br /><br />We here in BC (Canada Really) want to house the homeless. And yet I pass one of our fellow Canadians on occasion when I’m out for my morning walk.<br /><br />Usually (or lets say more times than not) when I pass him on the trail, he is standing in front of his shopping cart with one of those little camping type mirrors shaving or brushing his teeth. (Using a city spigot)<br /><br />Now here is a man that gets up pretty much the same time of day nearly everyday (that I have seen him anyway) that still has the self esteem that most business men have that go to nine to five jobs every day.<br /><br />This man doesn’t want to be housed! He has give up on society (but not him self) he just doesn’t want to be a part of it anymore! (And I really can’t blame him)<br /><br />We have welfare for those that want or need it; we don’t need to house the homeless!!! Why not try giving the homeless money for all the garbage ($/lb) they collect instead of just for pop cans and plastic bottles.<br /><br />I’m willing to bet that Vancouver would be as clean if not cleaner than China or Japan in four to six months.<br /><br />Give them all camouflage jump suits and the City will be cleaned up before the Olympics and the visitors won’t even see them J<br /><br />Maybe if we got rid of the people that want to home the homeless that would probably save enough to pay the homeless for keeping our city clean.<br /><br />I mean they’re coming here from all over Canada!!!<br /><br />Why not put them to work???<br /><br />Ya Ya I know, that’s Union work, well if it is then the Union workers are doing a piss poor job!<br /><br /><br />R.ColdguyR.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-82778429275567668132009-07-10T05:01:00.001-07:002020-03-19T22:56:04.395-07:00On Pot by R.ColdguyIt's time People!!!<br /><br /><br />In or around 1942 during the second war Trudeau and his friends drove their motorcycles wearing Prussian military uniforms, complete with pointed steel helmets.(protesting the War)<br /><br />His wife Margaret smoked pot with the Rolling Stones in or around 1977 and was once quoted saying: It was easy to get marijuana,” We grew it in our gardens in the summertime” and yet we voted him in as prim Minster and excepted her with open arms as the youngest first lady of Canada. (This is over 30 years ago people)<br /><br /><br />The people running our government now where all around in 1969 when Woodstock was such a big hit with the young at heart, when the so called flower children of that time where preaching love and peace and yes smoking pot!! (This was 40 years ago)<br /><br /><br />And if anyone in a government position today say’s they didn’t try pot at some time in their life I would have to say they are lying through their teeth!!!<br /><br /><br />In the 19th century, Queen Victoria was told to smoke marijuana to treat menstrual cramps. The good things that marijuana does or can do is endless (look it up)<br /><br /><br />The list of prominent people that have smoked pot is endless, to long for this comment at any rate. (again look it up)<br /><br /><br />Let’s face it People, pot has been around since we lived in caves and it’s going to be around long after man kind has killed off all human life on this planet!!!<br /><br /><br />Ask anyone that grows pot if they want it legalized and I guaranty you that they will say NO!!! They make way to much money growing pot..<br /><br /><br />All this makes me wonder WHY doesn’t the government want to legalize pot??<br /><br /><br />Could it be that the drug lords, the politicians, the judges, the lawyers and the rich in general<br /><br />are making way to much money of this cash cow????<br /><br /><br />The war on drugs can’t be won!!!! It’s a waste of our tax payer’s money; put the money into educating the people instead of incarcerating them!!!<br /><br /><br /><br />-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br />"Some of my finest hours have been spent on my back veranda, smoking hemp and observing as far as my eye can see." - Thomas Jefferson 1781.<br /><br />-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><br />Decriminalize drugs (All Drugs) stop putting our children friends and neighbors in jail and ruining there lives for such stupid laws as smoking pot.<br /><br />Canada and the USA spend millions/billions on the war on drugs. a war that Canada and the USA are losing!!!<br /><br />What a waste of taxpayers money!!!<br /><br />Stop the drug dealers the cartel the crime on the streets and stop wasting money on a war that we can't win!!!<br /><br />We are wining the war on cigarettes and we are wining it with advertising not putting honest people in jail!!!<br /><br />Put the criminals in jail and use the money to educate the public about drugs and to help the addicts with there addictions. Drug addiction is a sickness just like being an alcoholic is a sickness!!! you don't put alcoholics in jail for drinking and you don't wast tax payers money on fighting the cause of there addiction (alcohol). So why are we wasting money on fighting drugs???<br /><br />Decriminalize drugs and let the police fight real crime.<br /><br />And for you bleeding hearts that are saying I must be a druggie.<br /><br />I don't drink, I don't smoke and I don't do drugs!!!!<br /><br />I just don't agree with putting our children in jail and ruining there lives when we can educate them against falling in to the trap of drug addiction.<br /><br />Most crimes are committed under the influence of alcohol and yet the it;s legal!!!<br /><br />People smoke pot and get happy and yet it's illegal ???<br /><br />Do your research on drugs and stop listening to what the government and bible thumpers are telling you!!!<br /><br />Stop the war on drugs!!! it's not working!!! All it's doing is putting money in the pockets of the judges, the lawyers, the police and criminals of our country.<br /><br /><br /><br />R.ColdguyR.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-59192062943748119772009-02-15T11:20:00.001-08:002016-07-12T06:16:39.440-07:00Spring<span style="font-style: italic;"> <br /><br />She looked dirty and mean one hell of a sight.<br /> <br />As I walked into her room last night. <br /><br />Moving up slowly to be by her side,<br /> <br />I knew by her look I'd offended her pride. <br /><br />So many months since we've been together,<br /> <br />Seeing her now it seemed like forever. <br /><br />Touching her seat so soft and smooth,<br /> <br />She started to warm up to my every move. <br /><br />Rubbing her legs one at a time,<br /> <br />I knew deep inside that she'd always be mine. <br /><br />Pulling her gently, I stood her up straight,<br /> <br />Both of us knowing, we just couldn't wait.<br /><br />Climbing on her, I whispered with pride,<br /> <br />Now and forever, I'll be by you're side. <br /><br />I knew all the right buttons to push,<br /> <br />To make all her juices flow in a rush. <br /><br />Pushing it harder she started to growl,<br /> <br />Ramming it home, she started to howl.<br /><br />Hitting the pavement, I let out a yell,<br /> <br />Thank God for summer, winter is Hell!!! <br /> <br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SxEF8GjxboI/AAAAAAAAAFc/W8vSgX7HPDg/s1600/imagesharley-20girl-small.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SxEF8GjxboI/AAAAAAAAAFc/W8vSgX7HPDg/s400/imagesharley-20girl-small.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409111157559619202" /></a><br /> <br />Love Always<br /> &<br />Forever Peace<br /> <br />RColdguy<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span><br /><br />It’s about a motor cycle<br />Shame on you R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-37151651600416287942009-02-15T10:09:00.001-08:002016-07-12T06:16:39.424-07:00A Mother and her SonTo My Son<br /><br />My hands were busy through the day; I didn't have much time to play .<br />The little games you asked me to, I didn't have much time for you.<br />I'd wash your clothes I'd sew and cook, but when you'd bring your picture book.<br />And ask me please to share your fun, I'd say: "A little later son.<br /><br />I'd tuck you in all safe at night, and hear your prayers, turn out the light.<br />Then tiptoe softly to the door, I wish I'd stayed a minute more.<br />For life is short, the years rush past, a little boy grows up so fast.<br />No longer is he at your side, his precious secrets to confide.<br /><br />The picture books are put away; there ore no longer games to play.<br />No good night kiss, no prayers to hear, that all belongs to yesteryear.<br />My hands, once busy, now are still, the days are long and hard to fill.<br />I wish I could go back and do the little things you asked me to.<br /><br /> Love<br /> Mom <br /><br /> To Mom<br /><br /> Your hands were busy through the day; you didn't have the time to play.<br /> You'd wash my clothes you'd sew and cook; I never knew the time it took.<br /> My picture book I'd bring to you, you'd say there's just too much to do.<br /> I'd ask you please to share my fun; you'd say a little later son.<br /><br /> You'd tuck me in to bed at night; I'd have a dream be scared with fright.<br /> Then run to you climb in your bed, you'd hold me close and pat my head.<br /> You never think when you are young; you’re much too busy having fun.<br /> I never understood you see, those things you did were just for me.<br /><br /> Life is short the years run past; I never knew I'd grow up so fast.<br /> No longer am I at your side, a little guy so full of pride.<br /> The picture book now put away, there are no longer games to play.<br /> No good night kisses or dreams of fear, that all belongs to yesteryear.<br /><br /> I'm grown up now with a family too, it's hard to find the time for you.<br /> I hope you'll try to understand, when I'm not there to hold your hand.<br /> The reasons not that I don't care; the time it seems is just not there.<br /> Remember this when I'm away, I love you mom, more each day.<br /><br />Love Always<br /> &<br />Forever Peace<br /><br />R.ColdguyR.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-64197343953449536052009-02-15T10:07:00.001-08:002016-07-12T06:16:39.443-07:00A Special Friend<span style="font-style: italic;"><br /><br /> When he was just a little boy, his Mother said to him one day.<br />He would never know how close she came, to giving him away.<br /> Feeling so meek and feeble, with little tear drops in his eyes.<br /> He stood up tall with hands on hips and boldly asks her why.<br /><br /> Don't look so sad she said to him, it's really not all that bad.<br /> Your Aunt wanted a boy like you, the son she’d never had.<br /> The two of them had made a pact, that on that special day.<br /> If the newborn were a boy, he'd go home with her to stay.<br /><br /> Now on that special day it seams’s, his mother broke her word.<br /> To let her newborn baby go must have seemed to her absurd.<br /> She cared for him and cherished him, and showed him off with pride.<br /> Never once regretting the pact she'd broke, she'd kept him by her side.<br /><br /> As time moved on the boy grew strong, and he just seemed to know.<br />That every year about this time, off to his Aunt Nora's he would go.<br />The summer's that he'd spend with her, full of laughter love and fun.<br /> Had formed a bond between the two of them, like a mother and a son.<br /><br />They laughed and played through the day, she'd tuck him in at night.<br />She'd spank his bottom when he was bad, then hug him oh so tight.<br /> The little boy's grown up now, no summers left for him to spend.<br /> With his Aunt Nora, his second Mom, a very special friend.<br /><br />Love Always<br /> &<br />Forever Peace<br /><br />RColdguy<br /><br />I wrote this for my aunt Nora who I loved like a mother!<br /></span>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-65352496087222244492009-02-15T10:06:00.001-08:002016-07-12T06:16:39.446-07:00A Birthday Wish for a Princess<span style="font-style: italic;"> <br /><br />I've referred to you as a princess I truly hope that you won't mind.<br />For there's no better word you see for someone that's so sweet and kind.<br />It could be that cute smile you have so pleasant and so sweet.<br />That brings such joy and happiness to everyone that you meet.<br />If everyone in this whole wide world had your charm and grace.<br />I'm sure that they would all agree it would be a far better place.<br /><br />Your birthday comes but once a year and this will be your 25th.<br />So for a very special Princess I’ll have to find a very special gift.<br />Nothing that's too big and balky and I don't want it to be too small.<br />But it has to be a very special gift the most special of them all.<br />You have more love than anyone and more than enough affection.<br />There isn't a single thing you need to complete your Elvis collection.<br /><br />I thought about calling John Stamos so he could sing a song for you.<br />But then Greg would probably get jealous and that would never do.<br />I could hold you ever so gently in my arms and smother you with a kiss.<br />That would be a very special gift but it would probably upset Chris.<br />We could go parting with your Grandma that would be lots of fun.<br />Only when it can time to take you home I'd have to deal with your mom.<br /><br />Now I think I've found the answer it came to me late last night.<br />It's really kind of wonderful and I hope you'll think I'm right.<br />You won't be able to hold it and it would be kind of hard to see.<br />For this very special gift I've found is just for you from me.<br />It's a present that suit's a Princess a special present just for you.<br />It's a Wish for joy and happiness to last your whole life through.<br /><br /> Love Always<br /> &<br />Forever Peace<br /> <br /> RColdguy</span>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-41400205640460070742009-02-15T10:04:00.001-08:002016-07-12T06:16:39.427-07:00The Inside You<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SxIcg2Thy-I/AAAAAAAAAGk/sK4ZlYkUykY/s1600/The+inside+you.jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 306px; height: 320px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_7UfM3XH-UqI/SxIcg2Thy-I/AAAAAAAAAGk/sK4ZlYkUykY/s320/The+inside+you.jpg" border="0" alt=""id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5409417453084199906" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">It's you that I love my darling<br /><br />I loved “you” when you were in the body of youth.<br />I loved “you” when you were in the body of motherhood.<br />I loved “you” when you were in the body of maturity and Grace.<br />I will still love “you” long after your body no longer exists.<br />It’s “You” I love my darling, the inside “You”<br /><br />Love Always<br /> &<br />Forever Peace<br /><br />RColdguy<span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></span>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-48946217753703657472009-02-15T10:02:00.001-08:002016-07-12T06:16:39.430-07:00My Little Princess<span style="font-style: italic;"><br /><br />I watched my life rush past me I hadn’t felt this way in years.<br />As I held her in my arms as my eye’s filled up with tears.<br />The Warm feeling I was having way down deep inside.<br />Were tearing me apart as my heart filled up with pride.<br /><br />Looking down at my daughter as she lay in that hospital bed.<br />The day of her own birth started rushing through my head.<br />So pretty and so perfect oh so wonderful and she’s all mine.<br />She’ll always be my little princess until the end of time.<br /><br />As my little girl looked up at me a smile from ear to ear.<br />She wisped ever so softly so that only I could hear.<br />I knew that you’d be happy I knew that you’d be glad.<br />I know that all little girls are very special to you dad.<br /><br />As I looked down at my daughter as I looked at her little girl.<br />My head started spinning my thoughts all in a whirl.<br />How do I tell her how I feel Oh what am I go do?<br />How do I explain to her that little girls my princess too!<br /><br />As I hold my new granddaughter oh so gently in my arms.<br />It came to me that both of them have very special charms.<br />One a new born baby a very special little princess you see?<br />And One a young mother who will always be a princess to me.<br /><br />As I sit here rocking her in my arms the days they drift on by.<br />Most days’ she’s oh so happy and on other days she’ll cry.<br />As I sit here, as I wonder that I’ve sat here once before.<br />Holding a little princess and then I start to sing once more.<br /><br />Oh so pretty and so perfect oh so wonderful and oh so grand.<br />As I count each little finger on each of her little hands.<br />A cute little dimple on each cheek and such a pudgy little nose.<br />As I count ten little fingers and then I count ten little toes.<br /><br />I think of all the good times and all the fun we’ve had.<br />Some were up and some were down some happy and some sad.<br />As my two little girls look up at me with their beautiful little smile<br />I can’t help thinking to my self, my life has been all worthwhile.<br /><br />Love Always<br /> &<br />Forever Peace<br />Gramps<br /><br />R.Coldguy<br /></span>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-57584998949794752642009-02-15T09:39:00.001-08:002016-07-12T06:16:39.435-07:00To My Son<span style="font-style: italic;"><br /><br />When I was young I use to play, high on life, throughout the day.<br /> Then in my teens they came to me, with beer and drugs and smokes for free<br /> I stood up tall, as I would say; I didn't need those things to play.<br />And on the days there was no fun, they'd plead with me to try just one.<br />I'd tell them plain as it could be; their artificial fun was just not for me. If you want to be like all the rest, then go ahead and be my guest.<br /><br />Then on the day I lost my dad, when I was down and feeling sad. They came to me with sympathy; they said they really cared for me. Try this once it's not so bad, it will help you forget your dad.<br />They were right it worked just fine; it erased the sorrows from my mind. This all seemed so really great to me, to be able to escape reality.<br />Now whenever I get sad, I'll get high it's not that bad.<br /><br />The day’s float by the years run past, my minds turned fogy lost in grass. The alcohol has turned me mad; I've lost the friends that I once had.<br />It seams to me when I was young, they told me this would all be fun. How to explain so that you will know, that there's a better way to go. Except your sorrows and deal with your past, life moves by way to fast. Stand up straight when in a crowd, your one of a kind so stand up proud.<br /><br />The beer and drugs there still there, the friends that say they really care.<br />If they are truly friends you know, they will accept your natural glow. You'll have fun that's meant to be, by living your life clean and free.<br />If you can leave the artificial fun behind, I'm sure in time that you will find.<br />Sorrows that were meant to be will fade with time just naturally.<br />So get high on life and have your fun, and make me proud that your my son <br /> Love Always<br /> &<br />Forever Peace<br /> Dad<br /><br />R.Coldguy<br /></span>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-2334443475647746442009-02-15T09:36:00.001-08:002016-07-12T06:16:39.418-07:00When One has worked hard all one's life<span style="font-style: italic;"><br /><br />When one has worked hard all one’s life and now one has retired and one is in<br />better financial shape now than one has ever been in one’s life.<br /><br />Yet one’s financial advisor say's that one doesn't have any money to spend?<br /><br />One has to understand that, one doesn't owe any money to anyone.<br /><br />So instead of one having creditors at ones door, now one has someone calling one up on<br />one’s phone or someone sending one e-mails or someone mailing one offers in the mail.<br /><br />Every one of them, trying to give one, more money to spend!<br /><br />Yet one’s financial advisor say's one doesn't need any of their money to spend because<br />One has one’s own money?<br /><br />One is very, very, confused!!!!!<br /><br />For one; what is the purpose of one having more money if one never has enough to spend?<br /><br />For another one; doe's one ever have enough money so that one has enough money to spend?<br /><br />For another one; who will be the one that ends up with the money that one doesn’t spend?<br /><br />For another one; who ever the one is that ends up with the money that one doesn't spend.<br /><br />Will that someone spend one’s money?<br /><br />Or<br /><br />Will that someone keep it, so that someone, can give it to someone else not to spend?<br /><br />To add one more to one’s confusion:<br /><br />When one owed all the money one had. One had more money for one to spend!<br /><br />And on one final note:<br /><br />One thinks that if someone is going to spend the money that one doesn't have enough of yet to spend.<br /><br />Then one thinks that, that someone, should be, One’s Self !<br /><br />Love Always<br />&<br />Forever Peace<br />R.Coldguy<br /></span>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-88871099262631336842009-02-15T09:33:00.001-08:002016-07-12T06:16:39.452-07:00I don't want you to die Grandpa<span style="font-style: italic;"><br /><br />How do I describe the most important part of life to you my darling?<br /><br />With out death little princess there is no life. Everything that lives die’s this is the way of things, the trees, the flowers, the birds, the bee’s, the animals and yes humans to.<br /><br />When I was very young, my father’s heart stopped and his body stopped functioning. When they told me of my father’s death, I couldn’t believe it! He was there I saw him just hours ago. I could still see my fathers face in my mind he couldn’t be dead he couldn’t!<br /><br />I got my hat and coat and I went out for a walk, I needed to be by my self so I could work this out my self. While I was walking I was talking to my father it was like he was still there walking beside me, I could see him I could feel his love and I could feel the closeness and the love inside me that I felt for him.<br /><br />As we walked along, I told Dad that I couldn’t handle this I was too young to take care of my mother and my sister. Dad just laughed and said; my son you can do what ever you want to do in this world if you try. And then he said something very important to me that helped me through the rest of my life.<br /><br />Now you my say I’m crazy because my fathers body was no longer able to function in this world and was no longer here with us, but I’m telling you as we walked along I could still see him as if he was right there beside me.<br /><br />As we walked along he looked into my eyes as he said to me; Son my body has failed me and it is time for me to go, but my love and the love we shared together can live on in you and as long as you keep that love inside your heart I will be with you always to watch over you and to help you as you travel through life<br /><br />Through the years I have kept my father alive inside me, I can still see his face and I can still hear his laughter, I can still see him dancing with a baby in his arms. I remember his views, his laughter and his love.<br /><br />Now when ever I make a decision in life Dad is right there with me. I knew how Dad felt and he would not be proud of me if I was doing something wrong to some one else. So I tried to live my life so that he would always be proud of me.<br /><br />So you see little princess it’s the body that dies not the person inside, the person inside will live on forever as long as there is someone to keep them inside their heart and keep their love alive.<br /><br />So when my body stops working and it is time for me to move on. Then I will join my father and we will both live inside of you, your mother, your father, your brother and your Grandma to.<br /><br />As life moves on and as you grow as a young women, I will be there inside your heart, I will be there when you laugh I will be there when you cry I will be there to comfort you when you need someone to talk to. I will be inside you in that special place we keep all the love we feel for each other.<br /><br />You will have children and they will have children and you will grow old and become a Grandmother your self. And then one day your body will get to old to work anymore and it will stop functioning and then you too will move on to be with me and my father and we will live on in the hearts of your children and your grandchildren.<br /><br />So you see little princess, Grandpa will never really die, my body will stop working one day because that is the way of things.<br /><br />But Grandpas love, his laughter and all the memories you have of your Grandpa will live on inside you until one day when it is time and your body no longer can keep going and your body stops working and you move on.<br /><br />The inside you the love and the warmth that has been pasted on to you from all the generations before you will all be joined again as one big family.<br /><br />Living on forever in the hearts of our children.<br /><br />I love you little princess<br /><br />Gramps<br /><br />R.Coldguy<br /></span>R.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-20434012808245642882009-02-15T09:16:00.001-08:002016-07-12T06:16:39.415-07:00What is Love Daddy<span style="font-style: italic;">What is love daddy, answer me please, when I fall in love daddy will I skin my knees? </span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">How can I explain something to you that poets and scholars have failed to do?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">If love is blind daddy then could it be, that I will need glasses to help me see?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">The way we use love may seem absurd, but when you think about it, loves just a word.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">If love can't be seen daddy and love can't be bought, how will I know how much love that I've got?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Love is a feeling you get deep inside, for things that you cherish and care for with pride.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">If you can't touch love daddy and love has no smell, then when I find love how will I tell?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">When you find true love take it from me, you don't hold it down you' just set it free.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Please tell me daddy, for I need to know, when you find love can you just let it go?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">If it’ is true love I think you will find, it will come back to you, if you just give it time.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">When I am lovesick daddy and feeling so low, then is it to a doctor that I must go?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Loves as strong as iron so that it can endure if you try to bend love you'll lose it for sure.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">You love mummy, that's what you said, then why do you two wrestle when you go to bed?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Love can be whatever you want it to be you can make love what ever you want don't you see.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">If I love those jeans that fit me just right, then should I take them to bed with me at night?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">There are many kinds of love my dear, if we go through them all it could take us a year.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Well if I love the dog or even my cat, do I hug them or pet them answer me that?</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Love is as fragile as glass my dear; if you handle it gently it will last through the years.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">I think love must be the feeling I get deep inside when you hug me and kiss and hold me with pride.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Yes little princess you've got it just right, now jump into bed, I love you, good night.</span><br /><br />Love Always<br />&<br />Forever Peace<br /> Daddy<br /><br />R.ColdguyR.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-17377187403928816962006-03-04T15:33:00.001-08:002020-03-19T22:56:00.902-07:00To The Baby Boomers ChildrenFact is: We know! We know! (You) are our fault!<br /><br />Fact is: We can’t change this!<br /><br />Fact is: Only (YOU) can change this!<br /><br />Fact is: We give you the gift of life!<br /><br />Fact is: We did the best we could razing you with what we had to work with at the time.<br /><br />Fact is: If you don’t like the hand you were dealt in life, then change it!<br /><br />Fact is: If you want a better life, go get it! Nobody gave us ours!<br /><br />Fact is: We gave you life! We don’t owe you a living!<br /><br />Fact is: In our grand parent’s time, Children were seen not heard!<br /><br />Fact is: We have come along way with parenting, now it’s your turn!<br /><br />When I was young, it was an age in time when women were just coming out of the (women are property stage) men were expected to be good providers, women to be good mothers and good wives.<br /><br />At this time women were starting to go out into the work force. This brought more money into the house hold for cars, TV’s, new furniture and so on. This was the structure of the family house hold at the time. Children were just kids and were treated as such. The father worked and relaxed and the mother worked and keep the house and the kids were kids, they played they studied, they grew up the best they could with two parents out of the house for 8 hours a day.<br /><br />No one taught our parents how to be parents, good bad or other wise. Our parents didn’t have doctor spock or Sesame Street and most didn’t even have a TV! World wide information was unheard of or communicated by way of the grapevine. It was still sociably exemptible to smack your kid up side the head for not doing as they were told even if you happened to be in a public place. There was no young offenders act. If you messed up your father dealt with you when he got home and you learned through beatings how to show respect for an elder.<br /><br />Women at that time had become accustom to working at a job all day and then coming home, cook dinner do the wash clean the house and take car of the kids. The husband came home, read the paper and watched the news on TV then went out to play darts or bowling or just out to drink at the veteran’s legion. (This is the way it was at that time! Men had done their job by freeing the world from War) Some spent time with their son’s or daughters but it was rare, fathers provided the money for the outfit, baseball football what ever, mothers bought them and sent the kids out to play the game.<br /><br />At that time in our history it was not cool for a man to show affection towards another man. It was not expectable to hug or kiss someone from the opposite sex. Homosexuals were not even talked about or if they were talked about it was that they should be lynched.<br /><br />Fathers treated boys as young men that grow up to be men and providers; girls were treated as young women that grow up to be wives and mothers.<br /><br />As the baby boomers grew up and had kids of their own, the cars TVs and new furniture were common house hold items that everyone had, but the women had become part of the work force. And with equal pay for equal work, women were making as much or close to the wages of the husband.<br /><br />Now in this time in our history the money was enough to send some kids to university for an education so they could get a better paying job. Not all could afford this and not all children wanted to go to school. But most parents tried to put them in to sports and took them on vacations; we bought them computers and video games, bikes and any other toys they wanted, all the things our parents couldn’t buy us at the time because there just was not enough money.<br /><br />At this time in our life men and women were just starting to share the work at home, the man was not use to this new way of thinking and the women in turn still considered it their responsibility to take care of the nurturing, and yes some fathers took their sons out to sports but mostly it was the mothers again that took over this part of the child razing.<br /><br />Men were still under the impression that a son had to become a man, it was becoming more common or socially exemptible for man to show affection towards his fellow man but not yet completely understood by the old school way of thinking.<br /><br />So fathers were still a little distant from there son’s on the love and affection part but they had moved ahead by leaps and bounds when it came to showing affection towards their daughters. Daughters became little princesses but were still expected to grow up and be good mothers and good wives.<br /><br />Now at this time man was still providing but he now had extra money coming into the house hold from the wife working, this gave him the opportunity to enjoy more things in his life like motor cycles, fast cars, speed boats and such, so man continued to go out and play while the women were still working a job and staying home nurturing the children.<br /><br />Now that our children are grown and they are having children of their own, the man in the house hold has become more a part of the family, he helps out at home with the cooking cleaning and taking on responsibility for his part in the house hold.<br />The fathers of today take there kids out to sports they try to share in all the child is trying to accomplish in life and they try to be a big part of there children’s life. They are no longer just a provider they are an intricate part of the family structure. And their children will be raised with this closeness from their fathers. And hopefully end up better people because of it. (Hugging or showing affection towards a son has become socially expectable)<br /><br />This in turn gives the women not only time to work but time to go out shopping to the beauty pallor, aerobics’ all the things women like to do to pamper them self and just get away from the day to day house hold annoyances. As man has been doing for at least the last 50 years!<br /><br /><br />The new family structure is accepting, men and women, fathers and mothers, girls and boys, brothers and sisters as equals in the family structure all sharing in the love and affection between family members.<br /><br />This means the children have to be responsible and not just the parent they need to do there share of the house hold chores. This is something that was lacking in most of our children, house hold duties. This is where they lost respect for their elders, and the new laws took away the right for the parent to administer discipline.<br /><br />This occurred because of both parents being out in the work force so this gave the children more time to direct there own activities and not many made house hold chores a top priority on their daily routine and when the parents were home, they didn’t want to spend their leaser time screaming and yelling at kids that have been running their own lives all day. So our children were left to run their own lives.<br /><br />What our children need to understand is that we are from the old school; We didn’t have world wide information on how to be parents, or how a normal family structure should work. (If in fact there is such a thing as a normal family) We lived our lives the why we were taught at the time in our history, as they live their lives the way they were taught in theirs.<br /><br />I think if you look around, you would have to agree that most of the people you know have come from a dysfunctional family. All we can hope for is that it keeps getting better as the generations move on.<br /><br />So if one of your children ever accuses you of not coming up to there standers of parent hood. Agree, because it’s true! (Children are a product of there up bringing)!!!!<br /><br />But explain to them that you are a product of your up bringing, as they are a product of theirs. And if they become better parents, husbands/wives or poeple from there up bringing as you have become a better parent husband or person from your up bringing.<br /><br />Then you as a parent have done your job!<br /><br />And then explain to the little darlings that their children are going to be a product of their up bringing! And in turn grow up to blame their parents for their upbringing. As is right because we are all a product of our up bringing and yes, we as parents are responsible for the way (Our children) have turned out!<br /><br />Sit back dear baby boomers and watch as our children show us that they can be better parents than we were!<br /><br />For what more could a parent ask for, than for their children to have a better life than they them selves have had!<br /><br />Love Always<br /> &<br />Forever Peace<br /><br />R.Coldguy....The Old Baby BoomerR.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5140538081158233574.post-19294343924011541362006-03-02T04:22:00.001-08:002020-03-19T22:56:01.064-07:00Getting on with the What's in my lifeI think I've found the answer to the question why? (Well for me anyway :)<br /><br />I think we are who we are because of the people in our life that have influenced us when we were growing from a primitive state as children into a civilized state as adults.<br /><br />As in the following story, I believe that Dad is still alive inside me, and he won't die for me until I die my self. I have lived my life as the story say's, with Dad inside me. (Maybe this is why I never had the need of a man made God to help me through life?)<br /><br />I chose good or evil depending on what I thought would upset or please my father. So I guess he was my God and I was the devil. (But I always got to make the final decision) If I thought it would shame Dad, I wouldn't do it, but if I thought Dad would understand because of the circumstances then I would do what ever was necessary to accomplish my goal.<br /><br />Uncle Lloyd how ever taught me how to accomplish those goals.<br /><br />Dad sent you to Uncle Lloyd's for him to turn you into a man, someone that could do what ever it takes to make a living from shoveling shit right on up to giving you the trust and respect to be able drive something as important as a combine.<br /><br />Uncle Lloyd taught us what we needed to become men; the only difference is he taught us differently because we are different. I don't know how old you were when you use to go up to the farm, but as I remember it you wanted to go because you loved it up there.<br /><br />I was 14, the year before Dad died. I was a skinny Geake looking kid, that was basically lazy and didn't want to do shit, I think this might have had a good part to do with Dad sending me up there to become a man well that and the fact that he thought you had become a better man because of the time you spent on the farm.<br /><br />I learned to work from sun up till sun down for nothing but the food I got to eat at meals. I learned how to have fun by razing shit. and I learned how to drink, but what I think I learned most is that if you are right, then you should stand up for your beliefs even if you have to go up against someone that is twice your size. (This would explain why size never mattered to me :) I was taught to bluff, but that if need be, you backed up the bluff so that the next guy new that, (well that) You! Don’t Bluff :)<br /><br />So I think this is my answer to the question why: My morals are from an uncle that taught me how to be a man. I determine what my morals are from a father that is still alive inside me.<br /><br />When Moms body stops functioning she will become part of me to, the body will be placed in a grave beside the body of the man she found love with in this life. But Mom as with Dad will always be inside of me just as Dad is always there to help me decide whether to fuck the hooker or try to save her:) and Uncle Lloyd is always there to help me decide whether to shoot the pimp or just brake his legs:)<br /><br />Like I have said before 85 % of the people out there will back down if they are threatened with bodily harm, (Because they are liars thieves cowards and have no morals) it's the 15 % that you have to worry about, the ones that are just crazy enough to push it right to the end.<br /><br />I'm proud to be my fathers son, I'm proud to be my uncles idea of the man he thought I could be.<br /><br />But most of all I'm proud to be one of the 15%!!!!!<br /><br />I think I have found the answer to my question why?<br /><br />I think it best to let the rest of mankind figure out their own; Why.<br /><br />I think I will listen to my brothers advice once again and get on with the; What’s in my life.<br /><br />Now read on because when she asked I didn't have an answer; I do now :)<br /><br />Thanks for putting up with me Bro.<br /><br />Love Always<br />&<br />Peace Forever<br /><br />Your Bro.<br /><br /><br />When Infinity was here at Christmas, she called up on the bed with me and looked up into my eyes and said with little tears in her eyes> I don’t want you to die Grandpa.<br /><br />The following is how I'm going to explain it to her when I get out there or try anyway :)<br />=================================================================<br /><br /><br />How do I describe the most important part of life to you little Princess?<br /><br />With out death little princess there is no life. Everything that lives die’s this is the way of things, the trees, the flowers, the birds, the bee’s, the animals and yes humans to.<br /><br />When I was very young, my father’s heart stopped and his body stopped functioning. When they told me of my father’s death, I couldn’t believe it! He was there I saw him just hours ago. I could still see my fathers face in my mind he couldn’t be dead he couldn’t!<br /><br />I got my hat and coat and I went out for a walk, I needed to be by my self so I could work this out my self. Wail I was walking I was talking to my father it was like he was still there walking beside me, I could see him I could feel his love and I could feel the closeness and the love inside me that I felt for him.<br /><br />As we walked along, I told Dad that I couldn’t handle this I was too young to take care of my mother and my sister. Dad put his arm around me and as he hugged me he said; Son If it doesn't kill you it will make you stronger.<br /><br />And then he said something to me that helped me through the rest of my life.<br /><br />Now you my say I’m crazy because my fathers body was no longer able to function in this world and was no longer here with us, but I’m telling you as we walked along I could still see him as if he was right there beside me.<br /><br />As we walked along he said to me; Son my body has failed me and it is time for me to go, but my love and the love we shared together can live on in you and as long as you keep that love inside your heart I will be with you always to watch over you and to help you as you travel through life<br /><br />Through the years I have kept my father alive inside me, I can still see his face and I can still hear his laughter, I can still see him dancing with a baby in his arms. I remember his views, his laughter and his love.<br /><br />Now when ever I make a decision in life Dad is right there with me. I knew how Dad felt and he would not be proud of me if I was doing something wrong to some one else. So I tried to live my life so that he would always be proud of me.<br /><br />So you see little princess it’s the body that dies not the person inside, the person inside will live on forever as long as there is someone to keep them inside their heart and keep their love alive.<br /><br />So when my body stops working and it is time for me to move on. Then I will join my father and we will both live inside of you, your mother, your father, your brother and your Grandma to.<br /><br />As life moves on and as you grow as a young women, I will be there inside your heart, I will be there when you laugh I will be there when you cry I will be there to comfort you when you need someone to talk to. I will be inside you in that special place we keep all the love we feel for each other.<br /><br />You will have children and they will have children and you will grow old and become a Grandmother your self. And then one day your body will get to old to work anymore and it will stop functioning as is the way of all living things and then you too will move on to be with me and my father and we will live on in the hearts of your children and your grandchildren.<br /><br />So you see little princess, Grandpa will never really die, my body will stop working one day because that is the way of things.<br /><br />But Grandpas love, his laughter and all the memories you have of your Grandpa will live on inside you until one day when it is time and your body no longer can keep going and your body stops working and you move on.<br /><br />The inside you the love and the warmth that has been pasted on to you from all the generations before you will all be joined again as one big family.<br /><br />Living on forever in the hearts of our children.<br /><br />I love you little princess<br /><br />Gramps<br />===============================================================<br />Maybe this is why I don't need closer in death. The ones I love have never really died, their body stops functioning and it's disposed of yes, but they are still alive inside me, until the end.<br /><br />R.ColdguyR.Coldguyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01015784037368950725noreply@blogger.com0